Spoken Vs Spoken Text

Written discourse differs in many aspects from spoken discourse. In written discourse, there is no "Phonological resources to help you structure the information"(86). Also, in written discourse, there is no "opportunity for the addressees to interrupt and ask for clarification"(86). That is only the written text has to be clear, with careful wording following grammatical structure in forming sentences. In spoken texts, there are no sentence boundaries, so intonation is very important. However, sentences are incomplete, and ambiguous because of the shared background between the participants.

One of the major differences between spoken and written is the noun phrases. In written discourse, the noun phrases structure is more complex

It is a news article, entitled, "Donald Trump's lies about the popular vote", and the second text is a spoken one, a television presidential debate between Clinton and

In the written text, there is very few use of pronouns as heads of noun phrases in contrast to text (2), the spoken, in which most of the noun phrases consist only from a personal pronoun such as (We). Whereas, in text (1), the noun phrases consist of lexical nouns, as the text is packed with more information, than text (2).

Because the structure of the noun phrases in the written text are more complex, therefore in text (1), the percentage of pre-modification (determiners-numerative-describers-classifiers) are greater than text (2) the spoken text. Similarly in the written text, the noun phrases are longer, therefore the percentage of post-modification is greater than in the spoken text. Because text (1), has more package of information and more variety, the writer uses various sorts of determiners: the definite article (the), the indefinite article (a), demonstratives (that-this), possessive pronouns (his). Lexical nouns in the written text are preceded by describers and classifiers because in the written text, sentences must be clear, and the meaning should be complete as there is no opportunity to ask the writer about unclear utterances. The post-modification in the written text is more complex as the phrases or clauses post-modifying the noun phrases are much more complex and longer. Lexical variety in all the components of