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Challenges and Achievements of sAdc
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Regional integration is the process by which two or more states agree to cooperate closely together to achieve peace, stability and wealth. Usually, integration involves one or more written agreements that describe the area of cooperation in detail, as well as some coordinating bodies representing the countries involved.
According to its website, it was originally known as the Southern African Development Co-ordination Conference (SADCC). The organization was formed in Lusaka, Zambia on 1 April 1980, following the adoption of the Lusaka Declaration. It was originally formed with the aim of eliminating dependency on apartheid South Africa. The Declaration and Treaty establishing the Southern African Development Community (SADC) which has replaced the Co-ordination Conference was signed at the Summit of Heads of State or Government on 17 August 1992, in Windhoek, Namibia.
Member states of SADC are Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe (SADC).
SADC is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. Its goal is to further social-economic cooperation and integration as well as political and security cooperation among its member states (SADC). The main objectives of SADC are to achieve development, peace and security, and economic growth, to alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and support the socially disadvantaged through regional integration, built on democratic principles and equitable and sustainable development.
The Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) and the Strategic Indicative Plan for the Organ...
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Mauritius profile. (2014, January 15). BBC News. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13882233
Mauritius. (2013, December 13). - African Economic Outlook. Retrieved March 27, 2014, from http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/countries/southern-africa/mauritius/
Sobhee, S., & Bhowon, V. (2007). Depeenig intergration in SADC: Mauritius achievement and coming challenges. Regional intergration in South Africa, 8, 1-210.
Southern African Development Community (SADC). (n.d.). Southern African Development Community (SADC). Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/Multilateral/africa/sadc.htm
Travel & tourism economic impact 2013: Mauritius. (n.d.). The authority on World travel & tourism. Retrieved March 22, 2014, from http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/mauritius2013_2.pdf
The eight Millennium Development Goals proposed by the UN during the Millennium General Assembly of 2000 will not be reached in Africa by 2015 if international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund continue to impose unethical and punishing economic policies through the Structural Adjustment Program (SAPs) on the poor and undeveloped countries of Africa and if the wealthy old core countries continue to break promises and hesitate to donate enough financial aid to Africa to help it recover from the destructive effects of the SAPs and the AIDS pandemic, and to also ensure gender equality and rights of women in Africa.
Meece, Roger. U.S. Department of State: Diplomacy in action, "Democratic Republic of the Congo." Last modified Nov 04, 2013. Accessed May 10, 2014. http://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/congokinshasa/40495.htm.
United Nations. (2014). United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan. Retrieved on 23 May 2014 from http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/unmiss/
South Sudan is the newest country in the world, the fifty-fourth country in Africa, and the newest country to join the United-Nations. South Sudan is a landlocked country and is located in Eastern-Africa. South Sudan is filled with plains in the north and center parts of the country. Within South Sudan lays the White Nile, a major tributary of the Nile River, which is the longest river in the world spreading four thousand two hundred fifty eight miles long. South Sudan is bordered by six countries: Central African Republic, Kenya, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Sudan.
The word “apartheid” means “separateness” in Afrikaans Language. Human Rights, according to “Article 1, UN Declaration of Rights” states that “ All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in spirit of brotherhood”. The native Africans were being segregated from the whites and were treated as second class citizens. The black residents felt that the apartheid policies violated their rights. Human rights of South African natives were violated when a racial segregation system, called Apartheid, based upon skin color was established by the South African government. Although there were various international responses, the actions of such groups as the African National Congress displayed defiance and bravery in the midst of severe situations.
"DRC: Mapping Human Rights Violations 1993-2003." DRC: Mapping Human Rights Violations 1993-2003. Trans. United Nations Security Council. United Nations Security Council, Aug. 2010. Web. 30 Apr. 2014. .
The Democratic Republic of the Condo has been experiencing violence and instability all throughout its young history due to political and ethnic differences. Unrest has pegged DRC for years, the UN therefore intervenes to try to establish peace, and stability in an area that has experienced violence throughout the years. After two long wars in the past decade, the United Nations reports that about 3.8 million deaths have been caused by the wars, with 1,000 more deaths a day in direct relation to the interior conflicts. Many more have been displaced, and others have looked for ...
African governments have given in to the whim’s of international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) in social and health policies, and with this, has come a shift away from former emphasis on social justice and equitable market efficiency to public health services for all now being perceived as a major threat ...
"Chapter 5. Sub-Saharan Africa." Pew Global Attitudes Project. Pew Research Center, 2007. Global Issues In Context. Web. 12 May 2014
Over the last ten years, sub-Saharan Africa has come across economic growth of coarsely five percent per year. Today, 21 African countries are considered “middle income”(Christiaensen and Devarajan). Regardless of strong growth, the impact on poverty is much less than hoped. Today, many countries in Africa add up among the world’s poorest. To tackle this poverty problem the collective prescription is economic development. Economic development refers to the continuous actions of policy makers and societies that encourage the standard of living and economic health of a precise area. It is policy involvement with aims of economic and social well being of people. “Economic development conveys a down-to-earth aspiration: to have clean water, decent schools, and health facilities; to produce larger harvests and more manufactured goods; to have access to the consumer goods which people elsewhere consider a normal part of life (Cooper).”
“U.S. Relations With South Sudan: Bureau of African Affairs” U.S. Department of State. Web. 2 April 2014.
United Nations Publications. Commission for Social Development: Report on the Forty-fourth Session 18 February 2005 And 8-17 February And 22 March 2006. New York: United Nations Publications, 2006. Print.
Some of the world’s poorest countries, with some of the highest child labor and illiteracy rates lie in Sub Saharan Africa. People generally associate the region only with poor economic conditions and all of the social disorder that goes along with 3rd World Status. While some of this reputation is deserved, many people are also failing to see the vast potential for this part of the world. There are several factors that African governments should look into if they want to effectively and efficiently revamp this areas quality of life. One way to do so is by improving the more crucial aspects to healthy functioning region, for example, allowing children to possess their natural rights to a decent education. This could influence an increase in opportunities for economic growth and is therefore a key essential for poverty reduction (BMZ). However, there are many other factors contributing to the continuous complications this area is currently experiencing. In order for Sub Saharan Africa to fully develop and become an economically viable region, it must first address its over growing population crisis, prevent the HIV/AIDS epidemic and thoroughly improve its educational systems.
Much of the political case for regional economic integration stems from national security. Another case study provided by Hill is the European Union. The nation states of Western Europe bonded together in an effort to deal with the political giants of the USSR to the east and the USA to the west. Further, regional economic integration can facilitate political harmony between nations due to their increased level of
This conference triggered the creation of a new resolution titled, “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. This resolution incorporated “far-reaching” goals concerning poverty, cooperation, and protection issues, intending for these goals to be resolved by 2030. As asserted in A/RES/70/1, the United Nations seeks “to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom” by primarily creating partnership between countries. Following this, Agenda 21, a finalized plan of action, was created by a conference run by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and adopted by 178 governments. The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created in the following conference to assure that the goals addressed in Agenda 21 were properly executed. This agenda was a commitment to maintain diverse aspects of sustainability such as combating climate change, improving sanitation, and helping human settlements. A/RES/70/210 recalls that the United Nations “acknowledges the importance of making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and