Solute Potential of Cell Sap of Plant Epidermal Cells
Aim: To estimate the solute potential of a plant tissue.
Results:
Molarity of Solution
Plasmolysed Cells
Percentage of Cells That Were Plasmolysed
.3M
1/70
.01%
.4M
0/70
0%
.5M
5/70
7%
.6M
12/70
17%
.7M
29/70
41%
1.0M
56/70
80%
It must be taken into account, that the experiments procedure was
changed. This could have had a great affect on the results. The part
of the procedure that was changed was the time. Instead of the
epidermal cells being left in the solutions 20 minutes, they were left
for a day. Not only, were they left much longer, but the molarity of
the solutions could have also changed since they were left uncovered
for over 24 hours and some of the water could have been evaporated.
Another factor that contributed to the errors in this investigation
was that all of the data was approximated. Every single cell that
appeared in the microscope was not accounted for and therefore all
collected data is not exact, but instead a rough calculation. Another
error that could have occurred, and that would explain what happened
to the cells that were put in the solution with .4M, is that onion
skin dried out before it was placed in the sucrose water. Also, there
could have been a variation between the different onion epidermis
cells that were used.
Conclusion:
The results of the investigation show that the greater the molarity,
the more plasmolysed cells will appear. Plasmolyses is the shrinkage
of volume of a cell. This is caused by the falling of water
concentrations and ultimately results in the contraction of the
membrane. The most contracted membranes were found in epidermal cells
that were left in the solution with the greatest molarity; in this
To begin we will look at the integumentary system and its entire multitude of functions. The main components of the integumentary system are the skin, hair, nails, glands and nerves. For the purpose of this paper we will focus mainly on the levels of the skin and their functions. While the integumentary
is put in pure water it will become turgid and it will not burst due
For a plant cell the cell wall is the most important, without question; ribosomes are the most needed cell in the animal cell.
Osmosis is a type of diffusion which is only applied on water and is a passive process which does not require an input of energy from the cell; this is because materials are moving with the concentration gradient. Osmosis is a process that occurs at a cellular level, which entails the spontaneous net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane, from a region of high to low water concentration, in order to equalise the level of water in each region. This form of diffusion takes place when the molecules in a high concentration are too large to move through the membrane. The term semi-permeable or selectively permeable means that some substances can easily pass through the cell membrane, whereas others cannot. The significance of osmosis to cells is great, since it is the osmotic pressure that maintains the shape of an animal cell and provides support in the plant cells. Many factors affect the rate of osmosis including size of particles and temperature however in this particular experiment the factor investigated is the concentration of sodium chloride. Tubes of potatoes will be used to demonstrate the fact...
Investigation to Determine the Effect of a Range of Different Concentrations of Sugar Solutions on the Potato Cells
Elodea is an anaerobic plant frequently utilized to understand and manage photosynthesis. Deciding to test the carbon dioxide different levels by setting two beakers containing the Elodea that should weigh roughly weigh between 1.5-2g and one beaker under the light. In the process we put the beakers in the appropriate spots for an hour, drops of phenolphthalein and of 0.02 mL of NaOH were included into every beaker then record the changes in carbon dioxide reproduction. It was presumed that the beaker with Elodea in 20 salt drops, would take more noteworthy measures by which decrease the carbon dioxide than the beaker with Elodea that had no salt. The Elodea that had 20 salt drops display no difference. The experiment gives us a better comprehension in regard to which circumstances does a plant undergo in the real world if it’s in high salt concentration.
Pipet chill 0.5M sucrose onto the chloroplast pellet. Use a wooden stick to mix the pellet with the sucrose until it is completely resuspended. Pipet the resuspended pellet into microcentrifuge tube labeled “P2. and keep the tube on ice. For the next steps, pipet DCPIP mix into cuvettes 1- 6. And pipet deionized water into cuvette Pre-warm the cuvettes for 5 minutes in a 37C water bath and set the spectrophotometer to 620 nm. Measure the initial absorbance of cuvettes 1-6 using cuvette 7 as the blank. Place cuvettes 2, 4, and 6 in a dark, 37C incubator. Place cuvettes 1, 3 and 5 in a test tube rack with a 100W light bulb. Read the absorbance of cuvettes 3 and 5 EVERY MINUTE for the next 10. Measure the absorbance of the dark incubated cuvettes 2, 4 and 6 after 15 minutes. After conducting the isolation of chloroplast and the photosynthesis assay of both plant sources, out of red cabbage and spinach, the spinach had a constant decrease of absorbance compared to red cabbage were it varied as the minutes passed by. Also as a result, for the red cabbage there was not a noticeable pellet like their was in the
When doing this experiment I was able to see the effect of different concentrations on the rate of osmosis, each was done by measuring the initial mass and length of the potato cylinder and after osmosis, the results were conducted to show that as the sucrose concentration increases the rate of osmosis also increases as I said in my hypothesis thusly making a direct decrease in mass.
The experiment utilized a negative control group of beet cells at room temperature (approximately 22℃) because 22℃ represents the normal growing temperature of beets
J. DeMeo, one of the most well-known researchers of Orgone energy after Reich, observed obvious results of the Orgone energy effects on mung beans sprouting. It is necessary to point out that the importance of water fractions – free and structured – for the functioning of living systems has being seriously discussed for a long time. Its effect is most fully investigated on plant bodies. The researchers found that the structured water optimally corresponds to the greatest enzyme activity. Upward or downward deviation from this optimum leads to enzymes activity reduction. Changes in the structure of the substrate groups, which do not directly interact with the protein surfaces, can change the
...ond sets of data concluded that sucrose, glucose, and salt are hypotonic solutions that will remove water from a cell due to their tonicity. In the final part of the lab, results concluded that water potential moves along its concentration gradient (high to low) in an attempt to maintain equilibrium. It was determined that the orange and green solutions were hypotonic as they added water to the cells, whereas the blue, red, purple and yellow solutions were hypertonic as they sucked water from the cells.
The nucleus is alluded to as the heart of the cell. The nucleus houses the hereditary material of the living being which is the DNA. DNA replication and RNA blend happens in the nucleus. It controls the exercises of the other cell organelles subsequently an imperative cell organelle. The cell nucleus is bound by a distinct layer called the atomic film that isolates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nucleus regulates all activity of the cell by controlling the enzymes. The government on earth emulates this as it creates laws and keeps the people in order. Both of these forces carry out decisions and controls that make the cell\Earth able to function. They both make final decisions that is recognized by all the
The purpose of this lab was to learn about transpiration and to determine which conditions would decrease water loss in a plant the fastest. Transpiration is the process of water traveling through the plant to allow nutrients in and to cool the plant. The hypothesis tested: If light and heat, humidity, wind, and a controlled environment (where there is no affecting outside force) is applied to a stem then the water pressure will decrease due to transpiration. Pressure will decrease the greatest in light and heat because water will be lost due to evaporation. Pressure will decrease in wind because the pressure on the stem will affect the amount of water being lost. Pressure will decrease in the controlled environment because there will be little change in water levels. Pressure will decrease the least in humidity because water is being added therefore adding more water thus creating more force against the sensor. The data collected from this lab refutes this hypothesis because the results were unexpected.
All vascular plants have roots, which are multicellular organs used to secure the plant in the soil and absorb water and nutrients. (Campbell, Reece, Urry, Cain, Qasserman, Minorsky & Jackson, 2008) The root also stores carbohydrates, which is a product used in photosynthesis. (Whiting, D., 2011) The root has a root cap at the tip of the root to protect the apical meristem, which is a tissue in control of the root’s growth. Although it is not visible to the naked eye, the root cap benefits the root greatly. (New World Encyclopedia Contributors, 2004) It generates a greasy substance that acts like a lubricant for the root so that it can move through the soil more easily. The outer layer of the cells is called the epidermis, (Whiting, D., 2011) which forms from matured dermal tissue. The root develops root hairs from the epidermis, which allow the plant to absorb even more water and minerals. (Allen, K. Z., Armstrong, D. M., Bogin, B., Chubb, C., Culp, L., Cunningham, C. J… Wartski, L. M., 2002)
Cells were first discovered by Van Leeuwenhoek. He coined the term cell. After cells were discovered the cell theory came out which states. All living things are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and cells are the smallest unit of organized life. When Van Leeuwenhoek first discovered cells he described them as looking like monk's cell room. There are two main types of cell Prokaryotes cells and Eukaryotes cells. Eu means true. Eukaryote cells have a true nucleus. Kary means nucleus. Cyto means cell. Prokaryote and Eukaryotes have a nucleus. Pro means before. Prokaryotes came before eukaryotes which means they are primitive. Prokaryotes are bigger than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes. Prokaryotes