Software Patents and Copyright Laws Destroy Free Competition
Introduction
If Haydn had patented "a symphony, characterized by that sound is produced [ in extended sonata form ]", Mozart would have been in trouble. Patent - a writing securing to an inventor for a term of years the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention; or it may be the monopoly or right so granted[i].
The traditional rationale for patents is that protection of inventions will spur innovation and aid in the dissemination of information about technical advances. By prohibiting others from copying an invention, patents allow inventors to recoup their investment in development while at the same time revealing the workings of the new invention to the public.
Absolute Monopoly - this is what it means! The people who have come up with the idea of protecting the innovation and so called rewards to the innovators never thought that what it may mean to the corporations and how it will kill the innovation in the software industry. As Stallman said “Software patents are a danger that affects all programmers and all computer users. I found out about them of course in working on Free Software because they are a danger to my project as well as to every other software project in the world.[ii]” I truly agree with Stallman’s view of the Patent. Now a day the number of patents is growing exponentially and due to open trade (software specially) internationally the patent law of one country is influencing the law in the other. Country like India where the software industry is growing at a tremendous pace and the US companies generate most of the business, people in India may advocate a law similar to US. Right now the state of the law is much stricter th...
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[i] Merriam-Webster online dictionary
[ii] Stallman’s speech at Model Engineering College : The Danger of Software Patents
[iii] Software Patent in US, Japan and Europe.
[iv] Questions on software patentability in US and Europe.
[v] NewsFactor Network (04/15/03); Brockmeier, Joe
[vi] Sequential Innovation, Patents and Imitation
[vii] New York Times, Sunday, December 14, 2003
[viii] NASSCOM, India.
[ix] PCT Newsletter
[x] Software Patent in India.
[xi] MANUAL OF PATENT PRACTICE & PROCEDURE
[xii] Salient Features of The Indian Patents
[xiii] Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council
[xiv] Linux Today – Boycott Amazon!
[xv] Forbes
[xvi] GNU – About Free Software
[xvii] Software Patents
[xviii] http://swpat.ffii.org/news/03/intel1211/index.en.html
[xix] http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/Patents/knuth-to-pto.txt
In the 1830's the Plains Indians were sent to the Great American Deserts in the west because the white men did not think they deserved the land. Afterwards, they were able to live peacefully, and to follow their traditions and customs, but when the white men found out the land they were on were still good for agricultural, or even for railroad land they took it back. Thus, the white man movement westward quickly begun. This prospect to expand westward caused the government to become thoroughly involved in the lives of the Plains Indians. These intrusions by the white men had caused spoilage of the Plains Indians buffalo hunting styles, damaged their social and cultural lives, and hurt their overall lives. The lives of the Plains Indians in the second half of the nineteenth century were greatly affected by the technological development and government actions.
Discriminating gender roles throughout the movie leaves one to believe if they are supposed to act a certain way. This film gives women and men roles that don’t exist anymore, during the 60s women were known to care for the family and take care of the house, basically working at home. However, a male was supposed to fight for his family, doing all the hard work so his wife didn’t have too. In today’s world, everyone does what makes them happy. You can’t tell a woman to stay at home, that makes them feel useless. Furthermore, males still play the roles of hard workers, they are powerful compared to a woman. However, in today’s world a male knows it isn’t right to boss a woman around, where in the 60s, it happened, today women have rights to do what they want not what they are
The Depression Era was chaotic and detrimental to most Americans, but it was also a time of growth in some ways. Women playing major roles in movies during this time period was becoming more and more common. Women were viewed in many different ways though. In “Room Service”, women were viewed as hard-working, influential individuals, but they were also very invested and dependent on love. In “The Public Enemy”, women were viewed as something that could be thrown away when they were of no more use, and finally in “Gold Diggers of 1937”, women were viewed as sneaky, smart people who would to whatever they had to do to accomplish their goals. These conflicting views of women show depth and diversity in a dark, dreary time period.
In his opening lines Obama shows his grief for the victims of the shooting stating: ‘I have come here tonight as an American who, like all Americans, kneels to pray with you today, and will stand by you tomorrow.’ In this quote Obama position himself with his people, showing his sympathy and comforts them by saying ‘I will be here for you.’
Compare to the pure competitor, the monopolist has a longer lifetime and therefore it allows the firm to have more opportunities for research and development from which the firm will reap the benefits. This might bring production cost down, lowering prices, increase production rates and raise the quality of goods (Ulbrich, 1990). The development of technological innovation will overcome technology barriers and allowing the growth of a new era of prosperity, hence fortifying why economy would benefit from monopolies that conducting research and
The Plains Indians were the tribes of Native Americans who lived on the Great Plains of America. They knew how to keep their tribes alive and working to their full potential. There were many different tribes that made up the Plains Indians. Some hunted buffalo to feed their families and were nomadic. This was one of the largest and most common animals in the Great Plains this made them easier to hunt then most and made food for a large group of people. Some knew how to grow crops to feed their families so they were sedentary and did not have to keep moving to live. (“Native Americans and the West”) They had their own organized religion and the key to this religion was to worship the Great Spirit. Along with religion, to keep this tribe going everyone had a job to fulfill. The men traveled in groups to kill as many buffalo as possible and, the women stayed home to watch the kids and make sure things were provided for such as clothes, blankets, food, and medicine. They had everything they needed and were perfectly happy with their lives. (“Plains Indians”)
Modern Times was unlike most movies produced during the Great Depression era because it is featuring a view on the unemployment and rough conditions that people f...
“For those born after the 1930’s, the Great Depression is something that can be visualized only though photography and film. Certain images have come to define our view of that uncertain time: an anxious migrant mother with her three small children; a farmer and his sons struggling through a dust storm; a family of sharecroppers gathered outside their Spartan home” (This Great Nation Will Endure). Today’s mass media focuses on the harsh, extreme images of the Great Depression and fails to portray the happy, positive aspects of American life during the 1930’s.
Ware,Susan. “Women and The Great Depression.” The Gilder Lerhman Institute of American History. 19 Nov. 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2013
During The Great Depression films were an upright distraction for people in the 1930’s. Some examples of films are, “Public Enemy,” released in 1931, “Gold Diggers,” in 1933, next was “Modern Times,” 1936, lastly was “Room Service,” released in 1938. These films all served as a distraction of The Great Depression for people, and also showed what it was like during the time in some different ways. For example, the treatment of women was portrayed in some of these films. My opinion on how women were portrayed in some is that they were treated poorly based on some things in the move “Gold Diggers.” For example, it was harder for women to find a job than it was for men. In the movie, three singers from a Broadway show, Carol, Polly and Trixie, cannot seem to find a job in the beginning. Also Roger sings the song “We’re In the Money” in pig Latin. The chorus of this song shows the girls sex appeal as a way to earn money. Also their costumes had coins on their bodies symbolizing money. They also show Trixie going for the rich lawyer “fanny” which could show women just go after guys for their money. All the “gold diggers” end up married to wealthy men in the end except fay. In “Modern Times” Charlie Chaplin wrote and directed the movie that is showing women can’t do a man’s job. It is also showing they couldn’t direct a film because no women directed any of these films, and Charlie did both, produced and directed. One of the leading roles was played by Paulette Goddard, who spends time as his wife, and that is the only women involved in the movie. All the roles go to men, which is sexist to have a movie with one woman. In the movie “Room Service” it has a different approach, Lucille ball is a partner and she has an actual job in the mov...
Abstract: In 1995 Lance Rose and Esther Dyson wrote articles in Wired Magazine expressing polarized views on the future of copyright law and copyright infringement. This essay reviews those articles, analyzes each article's accuracy as defined by current trends years later.
The Great Depression is seen as one of the most sorrowful and desolate times in the history of the United States. This time was the longest period of recession ever seen by this nation so far. It lasted from 1929 to 1939, over ten years of complete confusion and despondency within the people. Many Americans were affected greatly by this tragic time and sacrificed much of their lives so that they and their families may have the chance to live. This act of desperation can be seen throughout the movie, The Cinderella Man, where a professional boxer, Jim Braddock, becomes crippled by the depression, both economically and spiritually. The observer can see this through the explicit cinematography of the movie and depiction of the Great Depression made by the director. However the director left out a key aspect of the happenings of the depression, the stock market crash. Perhaps, this catastrophic event was irrelevant to the plot and message of the movie, but it is important to the actual Great Depression of the United States. Furthermore, the nation of 2010 is well on its way to repeating history. There are frightening similarities between that dreadful time of the 1930’s and the present that should not be overlooked, or the United States might condemn itself back into that horrific state it has so long tried to avoid.
In his opening lines Obama shows his compassion for the victims and mourners of the shooting stating: “I have come here tonight as an American who, like all Americans, kneels to pray with you today, and will stand by you tomorrow.” With just this short statement Obama aligns himself with the American people, showing his empathy and comforting the people by saying “I will be here for you.” This allows him to form a connection with his audience, which he further reinforces though his use of the term “we” when addressing the American population: “We mourn with you for the fallen. “We join you in your grief.” He also draws parallels between the nation’s mourning following the shooting and the mourning that comes with losing a family member...
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