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Social Planning, Community Development, and Social/Community Action
A Community can be defined as a group of people who don’t just live in the same area, but also share the same interests, experiences and often concerns about the area in which they live. Often when individuals have lived on a street or in an area for a while they become familiar with each other and the issues surrounding them. Children often attend the same schools and grow up together, again sharing similar experiences. In some instances adults may work together, and quite commonly all community members will share the same doctors, dentists, hospitals, health visitors and other public services and facilities.
Frequently however, issues arise amongst a community that need attention. In this essay I will outline and discuss some of these issues and the interventions, projects or programmes designed and used to tackle and combat them. The three models of intervention or, ‘Community Development’, I will discuss in this essay, "Social Planning", "Community Development", and "Social/Community Action", all have the same aim regardless of how it is accomplished and this is to improve and maintain the conditions which affect the lives of the community.
‘Social Planning’, is a model of development which can be described as, ‘Doing For’, the community. If it is perceived by government bodies that a community has sunk so low that is unable to be resolved by using alternative methods, (some of which will be discussed later in this essay), the government will intervene with methods deemed necessary.
Initially a profile of a community will be drawn up using research methods, surveys and statistics that will highlight the issues faced by the community. Then a plan...
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...ith rather than weakening it by doing for. Community development creates independence and an ability for a community to stand up and control, to an extent the factors that affect the lives, exactly what the intentions were in the first place.
Social/Community Action while this appears affective in some instances it can become out of control and altogether unproductive. It is probably the most empowering model yet at the same time the most confusing if the aims, objectives and facts are unclear.
Through the study of each of these models it is apparent that the best form of community development embraces all three Social Planning, Community development and Social/Community Action, and quite often community workers and practitioners do. Taking a piece from each model and using it at the appropriate time will be much more beneficial than using one single model.
Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott, was published in 1868 and follows the lives, loves, and troubles of the four March sisters growing up during the American Civil War.1 The novel is loosely based on childhood experiences Alcott shared with her own sisters, Anna, May, and Elizabeth, who provided the hearts of the novel’s main characters.2 The March sisters illustrate the difficulties of girls growing up in a world that holds certain expectations of the female sex; the story details the journeys the girls make as they grow to be women in that world. Figures 1 and 2 in the Appendix are of Orchard House, the basis for the March family home, where the Alcotts lived.
In this essay I shall make a critical comparison of different theories and approaches of community organising. By focusing on main aspects of Paulo Freire and Saul Alinsky’s models of community organising I shall discuss how applicable these models are in the UK. By drawing examples from experiences of applying Root Solution Listening Matters (RSLM) and Participatory Action Research (PAR) frameworks in my practice. I shall demonstrate relationships and differences between the two. By addressing key elements of theories of power and conflict I shall highlight the main characteristics of both and use these theories as lenses to view some problems in the communities. By comparing models of community enterprise I shall reflect on future opportunities of a budding community enterprise. Finally by outlining the methods of evaluation I shall reflect on my chosen framework for evaluation of my work.
The main stakeholders of Starbucks include the employees, customers, suppliers, investors, environment and the government (Thompson, 2015). Starbucks gives priority to their staff and ensures that they are happy with the provision of better working conditions, job security, and higher wages. Thus, the company builds the community, facilitating the growth of the employees. The company listens to their customers to improve the quality of service and products. For instance, Starbucks creates a warm and friendly relation with customers to satisfy their social responsibility with this stakeholder. By ensuring their suppliers are properly paid through their Coffee and Farmer Equity (CAFÉ) program, Starbucks fulfills their commitment to the suppliers through awareness. The company creates eco-conscious stores (Starbucks Corporation, 2016) and ensures to follow environmentally sound business practices using their foresight. Starbucks supports the emergency relief services. In 2005, they helped rebuild the Hurricane Katrina struck areas (Adams, 2007). Through their high financial performance in the industry, the company meets the interests of the investors proving the ability to conceptualize. Being an international company, Starbucks remains respectful of the people’s perspectives from the respective governments. Thus, they satisfy their commitment and
Community is defined as a group a people living in an area under the same conditions. Realistically, a community is so much more than this definition. It is people and their different beliefs that form a community. In the town of Milagro, Amarante Cordova, Ruby Archuleta, and a town coming together to rescue a fellow community member from jail exemplify the true spirit of what community is.
Throughout this assignment a variety of terminology will be used, first it is appropriate to define what the term ‘Social Policy’ means. Social policy can be defined in different ways and ‘there is no established or agreed definition of social policy’ (Baldock et, al., 1999:21). From reading different books on social policy, the author’s understanding of social policy is it provides guidelines to deal with social problems . Social problems are matters which direct...
Crone, J. (2011) How Can We Solve Our Social Problems? (2nd ed.), Los Angeles, CA: Sage
Community is like a Venn diagram. It is all about relations between a finite group of people or things. People have their own circles and, sometimes, these circles overlap one another. These interceptions are interests, common attitudes and goals that we share together. These interceptions bond us together as a community, as a Venn diagram. A good community needs good communication where people speak and listen to each other openly and honestly. It needs ti...
Every customer that is served is treated with utmost respect, while an equal care is given to the coffee and other merchandise – providing the recipient with superior quality the first time or they will gladly remake it. When customers enter the establishment they are welcomed with comfy chairs and a cozy, “nestled-at-home” feel – keeping the barren walls and cold atmosphere for other businesses. This environment yearns to be a place of unity – bringing people together, a study room for the burned out college student, or even a place to read the paper before work. Whatsoever the necessities may be, Starbucks provides the answer. For instance, for every bottle of Ethos Water that is sold, five cents is donated to the Ethos Water Fund to provide clean water to children who are unable to access it themselves. This fund has helped more than 500,000 people across the globe obtain clean water, hygiene and sanitation (Ethos Water Fund). Clearly, Starbucks believes in the necessity of humanity.
Rothman, J. (1974). Three models of community organization practice. Strategies of community organization: A book of readings, 22-38.
Starbucks takes the standards of business conduct very seriously. Starbucks “support(s) the global business ethics policy and provide(s) an overview of some of the legal and ethical standards” (Starbucks Coffee) around the world and in every store they serve their customers. Another important factor is that Sta...
Activities and philosophies that advocate for the connecting of communities with socially sentient beliefs and actions is what have come to be referred to as civic engagement. They are thus individual or collective actions aimed at addressing issues that are deemed to be of public concern. They can be manifested in many ways including; public service, civil activity, service-learning, crusading and advocacy to mention but a few as the list is endless.
Massey, Garth. Ways of Social Change: Making sense of modern times. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2012. 74-88. Print.
Every day, people enjoy foods like bread, peanut butter, and cheese; foods like these have become commonplace in normal diets. It’s probably hard to imagine life without them, but many people are unable to eat these foods and others without uncomfortable or dangerous bodily reactions. As many as 15 million Americans may suffer from food allergies ("FARE" 3), which result when a person’s immune system attacks harmless food proteins with potentially fatal consequences. Because of this, food allergies affect every aspect of a person’s life and need to be taken seriously by both the affected person and those around them.
There have been some distinguished controllable and uncontrollable elements Starbucks has encountered when entering global markets. The strategies of any company’s goals are vital to its success. This is one area Starbucks has excelled in, just as McDonald’s has in recent years. Starbucks has paralleled its branding with the actions found at any Starbucks across the world. They have an excellent company vision, which they stick to, which in turn assists their brand image. Starbucks’ image has been achieved not only through this and their massive global entrance, but through their ability to provide honest quality service.
Community engagement will be made through a variety of different formats to ensure that each social, religious, sex and age group is engaged in the process. Traditional methods of engagement such as leaflets and mind mapping sessions will feature as part of this process where residents and local business can suggest new ideas and give us feedback on the neighbourhood plans findings. Information boards will be erected along the main route in Rusholme to inform passers-by as well as residents in order to engage the widest possible audience that has a relationship with the area. Finally, social media will play a crucial role in informing residents on sites such as Twitter and Facebook where it can access Rusholme community groups, Greater Manchester special interest groups and create an early online presence for the Rusholme Neighbourhood Plan.