Social Interdependence And Behavioral Research

486 Words1 Page
bulb-icon

Recommended: Behavioral learning theory chapter one

There are at least three general theoretical points of view that have guided research on cooperative learning: cognitive developmental, behavioral, and social interdependence. The cognitive-developmental perspective is in large scale based on the theories of Piaget and Vygotsky. The work of Piaget and related theorists is based on the criteria that when individuals cooperate on the environment, sociocognitive conflict happens that makes cognitive disequilibrium, which in turn stimulates perspective-taking ability and cognitive development. The work of Vygotsky and related theorists is based on the premise that knowledge is social, constructed from cooperative efforts to learn, comprehend, and solve difficulties. The behavioral learning theory perspective focuses on the impact of group supports and rewards on learning. Skinner focused on group contingencies; Bandura focused on limitation; and Homans, as well as Thibaut and Kelley, focused on the balance of rewards and costs in social exchange among interdependent individuals. While the cognitive-developmental and behavioral theoretical orientations have their followings, by far the theory dealing with cooperation that has generated the most research is social interdependence theory (Deutsch, 1962; Johnson & Johnson, 1989). …show more content…

There are two types of social interdependence: cooperative and competitive. The absence of social interdependence and dependence results in individualistic efforts. Social interdependence is one of the most basic aspects of being a human being and it affects all aspects of our lives (Deutsch,

Show More
Related

  • Selfishness In Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged

    1170 Words  | 3 Pages

    The ideologies of western society emphasize the notion that selfishness is part of human nature. Also, that humans act according to what will benefit themselves and satisfy their own personal needs. However, this way of thinking has detrimental consequences. People, from a young age, are indoctrinated to believe that greed leads to self-preservation. This results in a hostile society where individuals compete with others for resources and wealth. Western society idolizes those who pursue individual success and take responsibility for their personal growth. However, this self-interested behaviour can cause humans to disregard the needs of others in their community. Some intellectuals argue that one cannot be both independent and socially interdependent,

    Read More

  • Social Cognitive Theory of Learning

    1656 Words  | 4 Pages

    According to social cognitive theory, people and their environments mutually influence each other (Ormrod, 2011). People learn from the environment they are in, people they interact with, and behaviors they watch. People can learn by observing others and as they become older they can set their goals based on the accomplishments and the results of that learning. The video of the 4th grade, Canoga Park is about learning by observing, listening, and discussing a subject among the class-mates (4th Grade, Canoga Park, n.d.). In the video teacher is trying to teach the students about the importance of printing press. The teacher asked the students to divide in the groups of two called “pair and share” to discuss the views between two students first and then he asks the students to answer in a bigger group setting to assess whether the students learned the subject or not. The purpose of...

    Read More

  • Essay On Codependency

    539 Words  | 2 Pages

    Trying to define codependency can be very difficult. It is not an exact or definitive state; rather, it's more of a general description for a variety of behaviors. Put simply, codependency is an addiction to love, where one person in a relationship is devoted and completely invested to a point where it negatively affects his or her emotional and physical well-being.

    Read More

  • SOCIAL BONDING THEORY

    647 Words  | 2 Pages

    Travis Hirschi presented a social bonding theory in 1969. The main idea of the social bonding theory is that each and every individual has a drive to act in selfish and even aggressive ways that might possibly lead to criminal behavior. Social bonding theory is somewhat have similarities with the Durkheim theory that “we are all animals, and thus naturally capable of committing criminal acts” (Tibbetts, 2012, p. 162). However, the stronger a person is bonded to the conventional society, for example, family, schools, communities, the less prone a person is to be involved in criminal activity. The great example of this would be the serial killer Nannie Doss. Since early age she did not have any bonds either to her family with an abusive father or to community she lived in. Most of the time during her childhood she was isolated from any social interactions with her schoolmates or friends.

    Read More

  • The Perspective of Rational Choice

    1543 Words  | 4 Pages

    One is simply trying to maximize benefits, what you get, and minimize costs, what you lose. One’s values, norms, and expectations, as well as alternatives, influence the assessment of rewards and costs (Hutchison, 2008, p. 46). Reciprocity, “a pattern of mutually contingent exchange of gratifications” (Kolb, 2008, p.779), of exchange is essential to social life. We see this anywhere from holiday gift exchanges to a massive business deal.

    Read More

  • Codependency

    1243 Words  | 3 Pages

    Codependency Codependency is a mental illness most likely caused by either abusive parents or unhealthy relationships. This illness causes the person to become solely dependent on others and can grow worse if not treated by a professional or self-help support group. Someone who is codependent will relate to most if not all of these feelings: (1) feel like a failure (2) cannot make any friends (3) have a lot of friends, but none are real close (4) do not take compliments (5) have a hard time expressing his feelings (6) afraid of losing his friends (7) all decisions are wrong (8) better to be a giver than a taker (9) must make others happy even if he is not happy (10) feel responsible for solving other people's problems. These are only a few of the many symptoms of a codependent person. It is normal to feel unsure or uncomfortable sometimes, but if this happens all the time, the person needs help (Sept. 11).

    Read More

  • The Causes of Altruism

    1151 Words  | 3 Pages

    Gintis, Herbert, Samuel Bowles, Robert Boyd, and Ermst Fehr. “Explaining Altruistic Behavior in Humans.” Evolution and Human Behavior 24 (2003): 153-172. Web. 5 Feb. 2012

    Read More

  • The Art Of Happiness Analysis

    928 Words  | 2 Pages

    Dalai Lama points out unforeseen examples, “To maintain good health, you rely on medicines made by others and health care provided by others. If you examine all of the material facilities that you use for the enjoyment of life, you’ll find that there are hardly any of these material objects that have had no connection with other people” (73). This shows the significance of interdependence. In the society that we live in today, we are all dependent on each other to some extent. I have scarcely thought about this before. Up until now, I have always favored independence; however, my thoughts have slightly changed. We live in a society where we are dependent on each other: children are dependent on their parents, friends are dependent on each other, students are dependent on mentors and professors, and such. Through the act of dependence, we can benefit from each other to a great extent. By connecting with other human beings and being dependent on them and allowing them to depend on you, it will be easier to find happiness in

    Read More

  • Benefits of Collaborative Learning

    525 Words  | 2 Pages

    Collaborative learning is a situation where two or more people attempt to learn something together. Dillenbourg, P. (1999). Lev Semenovich Vygotsky, (born in 1986), introduced his theory that, human development—child development as well as the development of all human kind—is the result of interactions between people and their social environments. What this states is that the development of a “higher education” is the product of comparing and contrasting ideas of others ultimately to conclude a solution to a problem as a whole or group. Everyone’s input in a collaborative situation will play a role in final solution.

    Read More

  • Culture and Personality Development

    899 Words  | 2 Pages

    Some cultures encourage individualism while other cultures encourage collectivism. In most collectivist cultures, people are interdependent within their group, whether it involves family, tribe, or nation (Suh ...

    Read More

  • Collaborative Learning Essay

    1176 Words  | 3 Pages

    Collaborative learning is an educational approach that involves groups of learners working together to reach a consensus through negotiation to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product (Bruffee, 1993). Learning occurs through active engagement among peers, wherein the main characteristics of collaborative learning are: a common task or activity; small group learning, co-operative behaviour; interdependence; and individual responsibility and accountability (Lejeune, 2003).

    Read More

  • Social Influences on Behavior

    1103 Words  | 3 Pages

    There are many social influences which have an effect or lasting effect on the behavior of an individual. Within many group scenarios, conformity and obedience play a large role in how people tend to think and behave, especially if they get carried away. Obedience refers to compliance to an authority figure or with others in a group. On the other hand, conformity refers to an individual changing their thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors to accommodate with the standards of a group or their peers. Both of which are pure examples of how human behavior changes based on certain social situations. Obedience and conformity both occur during situations of social facilitation, social loafing, and groupthink.

    Read More

  • Reflective Essay On Teamwork

    975 Words  | 2 Pages

    Scarnati, J. T. (2001). Cooperative learning: make groupwork work. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 67(Fall), 71-82.

    Read More

  • Importance Of Social Interaction Essay

    920 Words  | 2 Pages

    In its simplest form, cooperation may involve only two people who work together towards a common goal. Two college students working together to complete a laboratory experiment, or two inter-city youths working together to protect their 'turf' from violation by outsiders are examples. In these cases, solidarity between the members is encouraged and they share together the reward of their cooperation. Social satisfaction is achieved by a group of people working together or doing activities together. Even though cooperation isn’t that practical with our people in our own society it can be found within the youths involved in sports and other recreational activities. Cooperation within students in schools as mentioned as an example, is practiced on a regular basis during group discussions and group presentations. But speaking about cooperation and society together, cooperation is very essential for society to continue grow stronger and a good living residence for

    Read More

  • Use of Collaborative and Cooperative Learning

    2038 Words  | 5 Pages

    The application of collaborative learning strategies is a process in which two or more students work together. Collaborative strategies will be used in planning, translating and reviewing the education process to form student learning through group-oriented activities. This source will also be useful in lesson planning to help explain how collaborative learning strategies in the classroom will help students in the learning process improve by interaction; how positive interdependence of collaborative learning leads to common responsibility; how collaborative learning builds students’ self-esteem, and confidence in students. This application recommends that collaborative learning strategies can be implemented with Jig-saw technique as well as in learning technology which can be accessible to all participants working in cooperative groups (Iqbal, Kousar, and Ajmal, 2011).

    Read More

More about Social Interdependence And Behavioral Research

Open Document