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Discrimination over social class
Discrimination over social class
Essays on social exclusion
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Referring back to this case study, Ann suffers from social exclusion, which initially leads to discrimination; social exclusion is defined as the networks between social stratification and other dissections such as gender, age, sexuality and ethnicity are complex. Social inequalities are interpreted and focus on genderism, ageism, racism and sexism. Each exclusion and discriminative behavior from society can reduce life chances and promotes poor practices with relation to access of social as well as health and social care opportunities (Scott, 2006:pp27). The Social Exclusion Unit agrees that social exclusion is a consequence when a combination of linked issues i.e. unemployment, low income and poor housing (Cabinet Office, 2004:pp2: DSS, 1999, They then go on to comment that disengagement in inevitable to aging individuals and is a natural process to give up work and is seen as a mutual withdrawal from both the individual and society. Bromley then agrees by citing that the disengagement theory looks at how the individuals decline in body and mind, which reduces their need in society (Powell, 2000:pp2). Unfortunately, older people are found to suffer from ageism (age related discrimination) as the older a person gets they are at a higher risk of being refused simple treatments or surgery that could prevent them from disengaging from society. According to the Royal College of Surgeons doctors and surgeons have a ‘duty of care’ therefore treatment should not be solely based on age but their current health conditions and on the basis of it being beneficial to the patient especially since the population is living longer (London Evening Standard, 2012: Rawlinson, 2014). Whilst Ann is suffering from social exclusion, in her current state she is categorised into the disengagement theory and by few multi-agencies is an individual who is preparing herself for inevitable death, which in contemporary society rules against the person-centered approach which currently leads healthcare across the It is essential that Ann is referred to specific professionals from her General Practitioners (GP) to enable her to overcome these impairments to be able to live an independent live as suggested in the medical model (Cunningham and Cunningham, 2008:pp67). Firstly, the GP would refer Ann to see an Ophthalmologist; this is a physician who specialises in the medical and surgical care of the eyes and visuals as well as focusing on preventing disease in the eye and injuries. Depending on the findings from the Ophthalmologist she may need care from either the Ophthalmologist or the Optometrists. An Optometrist focuses on visual care and treats sight impairments with spectacles, contact lenses and eye exercises (Djo.harvard.edu, 2002). The suited practitioner would treat Ann and see if her sight impairment is severe enough to be registered as a blind individual (Rnib.org.uk, 2015). Ann would receive support and assistance from the Royal National Institute of Blind People (a registered charity) who would offer her emotional support if needed to help cope with her sight impairments along with reading choices whether this be in audio, braille, or large print. However, this support depends on the severity of her impairment and if it would promote further
During the semester we have explored multiple case studies that have had some rather cut and dry solutions. Our final case study features the very grey area of workplace cultural discrimination providing a scenario in which there is possible evidence of several counselors who, during lunch break, are singling out clients of a certain minority and speaking in a highly derogatory fashion about them. In this scenario we are part of the supervisory staff and the counselor who brings us this information has been in the field for half a decade and is the same race as one of the main counselors he has concerns about. That counselor has only a brief amount of experience and this is his first position since obtaining his CSC-AD certification. We
Gerontology provides different perspectives of the aging process and the evidence base from which health and social care practice with the older population is founded. Older people are affected differently by the ageing process. The disengagement theory provides a greater insight into why some older people withdraw from the society. According to the disengagement theory perspective, successful ageing is best achieved through abandoning social roles and relationships and by the individual reducing both activities and involvement. Disengaging from social activities and involvement put the older person at risk of being socially excluded. Social exclusion affects older people, although the risk increases with
Shahab, Lion "Socioeconomic Status and Health." Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Credo Reference. Web. 8 May 2014.
This oppression and discrimination is experienced through several forms of oppression including violence, racism classism and sexism not only at a personal level but also at the structural level. This high risk population is vulnerable for internalizing the oppression as an accepted norm. Mullaly believes that “people may be given certain rights but still be unable to exercise their rights due to particular social constraints based on class, gender, race and ethnicity.”
The essay will be looking at , poverty, employment and unemployment, poor diets as determinants of health in this context amongst other factors such as housing, mental health, social support network, education, culture, individual behaviours, genetics, gender because they have the best documented evidence on research in health inequalities in Britain available in the Black Report (DHSS 1980; Townsend, Davidson and Whitehead, 1992), Acheson Report (Acheson 1998), and FairSociety, HealthyLives Report, and other academic sources.
Institutionalised racism exists under a more subversive manner, hidden in the shadows, yet still has the ability to prevent attempts to mend these health disparities. Consideration must be given to the factors that induce such health disparities, such as socio economic levels of disparity and employment status. However, the dynamic complexity associated with racism alongside ill health must be noted, were poor mental and physical health might be a pre-determinant for being a factor responsible for keeping one out of a vocation and poverty. Larson and her colleagues argue that lessening the socioeconomic inequality would reduce, but not curtail these health inequalities (2007, p327). The difficulty presented to this, is that racism is firmly entrenched within some structural frameworks of society, with the ability to extinguish any progressive movements towards these health issues, but instead reinforcing negative ideologies towards Indigenous
In the United States, more than one in three women live in poverty or on the brink of it (Patron, 2014). The current federal poverty level starts at $16,020 for a family of two, $20,160 for a family of 3, and so on at increments of slightly more than $4,000 for each additional family member (Buteau, 2007). There are 106 million people in the United States that have incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level, or are low-income. About 42 million of these low-income individuals are women and 28 million are their children (Patron, 2014). This phenomenon of the disproportionate rate of the population’s poor being women is known as the feminization of poverty.
Segregation is a process of separating a group of people either in the basis of class, race, religion, ethnicity or any other group from the society. The separation is often forceful. Societies will always have difference when it comes to political decisions, status of the economy and the origins in terms of race ("A History of Segregation in the United States History Essay", 2015). This study reviews the background information to racial residential segregation in the United States of America and the possible solutions to this. Racial residential segregation is usually as a result of self-segregation by blacks, moves by households that are white from neighborhoods
...on, race, and political belief, economic or social condition. Improving the poor health of disadvantaged individuals and reducing health gaps is important but not enough to level up health through socioeconomic groups. The objective of tackling health inequalities can be changed to local needs and priorities of a community allowing wide-ranging partnerships of support to be organised. However it needs to be made clear that what can be done to help improve the life chances and health prospects of individuals living in poverty may not come close to bringing their health prospects closer to the average of the rest of the population or prevent the gap living on throughout the generations. Being clear about what is trying to be overcome and achieved needs upmost importance in the development and delivery of policies that will promote health equality across the population.
According to theorist Cumming and Henry disengagement from society occurs to everyone and there is nothing anyone can do about it. It was one of the most controversial theories and has been argued by some of the top psychologist of its time (Achenbaum, 1994, p.756). Disengagement theory states it is an “inevitable process of aging whereby many relationships between the individual and society are altered and eventually severed” (Achenbaum, 1994, P. 758). In other words the relationship between the individual and society is unavoidable and that the alteration the individual and society makes is unnecessary. It all started with the University of Chicago’s committee on Human Development and their ideas about disengagement. It was believed that the social phenomena affected the elderly status of independence on their physical status. The data that was gathered was bias because it consisted of “3,000 white, English-speaking, mentally co...
Social welfare began in 1500-1600 when England commenced an investigation into assisting the impoverished or who they thought fit the class. Their attempts lead to what is now recorded as the “Elizabethan Poor Law of 1598”. The back-and-forth of new social services, reduction of the labor force, breakdown of the outdated system, and the move toward industrialization were the beginning of the Elizabethan government’s role in providing social welfare benefits. These contributions paved the way Roosevelt’s “New Deal” and Johnson’s “Great Society” to implement policies like: The Social Security Act, Unemployment Compensation and Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Johnson’s contributed with the Civil Rights Act, Economic Opportunity Act,
Shaw, A. B. “In Defence of Ageism.” Journal of medical ethics 20.3 (1994): 188–194. Print.
The treatment if the African-Americans have, in my opinion, almost always been worse than e.g. the treatment of European people. Back in the 17th century, the white people travelled to Africa and took the Africans as slaves back to their country. In their country, they continued to treat them as slaves with, no respect, to do the hard work, i.e. picking cotton, harvesting tobacco, building railroads etc. You were basically judged based on your skin color, not by your character. Even though the slavery was set a long time ago, the segregation and discrimination has yet not completly ended.
There are commonly believed to be four major races on Earth, but over the course of history, one race almost always holds power and privilege. Race is a completely socio-historical concept that society has created based on the way that people look, meaning that the power and privilege is based on merely perceived differences. Since the “discovery” of America, racism has been a prevalent part of society. Whether it be the slaughter of the native people, the enslavement of Africans, the resistance toward the civil rights movement, or even the ongoing issues of police brutality, it is undeniable that Americans have used power and privilege to oppress other groups, most often racially. Individual, institutional, and societal oppression are the
...es, where the lived experience ageing has been discussed from a mainly discriminatory point of view, must be and is considered very useful in modern society. It is also important however, to consider not only the hostile approach to ageing, but also the cases when prejudice can be more benevolent. Examples in the case of the elderly include those that may offer them preferential treatment, including cheaper visits to the cinema or bus passes (these sort of discounts can also be applied to the young of course). Conversely, the perception of incompetence can lead to conclusion about people either side of adult to be unfairly dismissed when considering a task to complete. In some cases there is little or exaggerated evidence to support these claims. This can lead to concerns from any individual that when they do reach the later years of their life, will they be needed?