1. Jia, G., Yang, F., Wang, G., Hong, B., & You, R. (2011). A study of mega project from a perspective of social conflict theory. International Journal of Project Management,29(7), 817-827. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.04.004
This study broke down in several social theories on how the construction of mega projects effect our society. In the conflict theory, it is an ideology that conflict is caused within the construction field when large scale projects effect the community. These issues are brought up in the article but I do see it play out today in great social issues. For example, the Dakota Access Pipeline is one of these mega projects that has caused much social unrest in recent day news this year. I never did look at the conflict mega construction projects may have as opposed to small neighborhood quarrels over development that may affect the community. In this article, I was able to see on a broader scale the repercussions of mega projects and how socially the conflicts highlighted by Marx are felt in all aspects of life including construction.
2. Lachmann, R. (1990). Class Formation without Class Struggle: An Elite Conflict Theory of the Transition to Capitalism. American Sociological Review, 55(3), 398-414. doi:10.2307/2095764
In my opinion, this was the best article that was able to demonstrate to the
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He highlight the best-selling paradigms of text books and how it shaped the teaching and further impact of the sociology society. The books are used when educating individuals with information in their pursuit of a career field and being critical of the other leaders in the field builds growth during the conflict of ideas and beliefs. Keeping the community of peers accountable who establish the curriculum to the rest of the followers demonstrates the conflict theory of Karl Marx, which is what is being argued from this
The decline of aristocracy in The Communist Manifesto began with Karl Marx’s statement, “The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles.”1 Marx recognized the ideals of the social rank, which has influenced every society throughout history. The two social classes described by Marx were the Bourgeoisie, or the upper class, and the Proletariats, or the lower class. Before the Bourgeoisie came to social power, landowners and corporate organizations ran the society. Marx believed that the severe separation of the two classes greatly troubled society and that the two classes must coexist as one with each other.2
“We all fight on two fronts, the one facing the enemy, the other facing what we do to the enemy” (Boyden 199).
Did you know that in 2014, shoplifting and worker’s theft cost the retail industry a loss of thirty-two billion dollars (Wahba, 2015)? According Wahba “a common misperception about shoplifting is that retailers can ‘afford’ the loss of a candy bar or a pair of jeans” (2015). This type of reasoning certainly does make more sense when explained through the context of a criminological theory. For example according to the Rational Choice theory individuals weigh the costs and benefits associated with a criminal and or deviant act and then make a conscious choice. Other criminological theories explain criminal and deviant behavior using a biological, psychological, social, conflict, or multifactor component. Taking that into consideration in this
Eventually, given the maturing of capitalism, the growing disparity between life conditions of bourgeoisie and proletariat, and the increasing homogenization within each class, individual struggles become generalized to coalitions across factories. Finally, class conflict is manifested at the societal level. Class consciousness is increased, common interests and policies are organized, and the use of and struggle for political power occurs.
When you hear the name Karl Marx (1818-1883), it is tempting to wonder and question why you should be studying him, considering that he’s been dead for over a hundred years already. This German philosopher had become one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century. Marx’s ideas all come together and holds that human societies develop through class struggles, a conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that dominates over the working class (known as the proletariat). He was well known for studying the disputes that occur between different classes in society, also refer to as the ‘conflict theory.’ Through his theories of alienation, Marx argued that capitalism promoted the idea of inequality, commodification, and the exploitation of labor. The purpose of this paper is to view Marx’s concept of capitalism and alienation along with how it affects the workers.
In the study of theories of criminology that emphasizes the role of social conflict as it underlies criminality and of social change is critical for the understanding of the interplay between social order and law. The conflict perspective, the pluralist perspective, and the consensus perspective are three analytical perspectives that shed light on this subject. Another type of social conflict theory is radical criminology that comes with its own tenants and shortcomings. Peacemaking criminology, left-realist criminology, convict criminology, postmodern criminology, and feminist criminology, are emerging social conflict theories that where associated with the radical ideas of mid-twentieth Marxist criminology.
Walmart can be studied using structure functional theory and social conflict theories. Social functional theory is the relationships among parts of society and how these parts are functional(have beneficial consequences) or dysfunctional (have negative consequences. Most Americans today love to shop at Walmart because they continue to give consumers the best prices on over 120,000 products and are one stop shopping.
Numerous cases in history show that identification with a particular group can lead to dreadful outcomes. Together, with historical evidence, classic psychological studies tell a very powerful story. Decent people can take on oppressive roles and succumb to oppressive leaders. However, people often resist tyranny, and their resistance tends to be most effective when it is collective.
In Marx’s opinion, the cause of poverty has always been due to the struggle between social classes, with one class keeping its power by suppressing the other classes. He claims the opposing forces of the Industrial Age are the bourgeois and the proletarians. Marx describes the bourgeois as a middle class drunk on power. The bourgeois are the controllers of industrialization, the owners of the factories that abuse their workers and strip all human dignity away from them for pennies. Industry, Marx says, has made the proletariat working class only a tool for increasing the wealth of the bourgeoisie. Because the aim of the bourgeoisie is to increase their trade and wealth, it is necessary to exploit the worker to maximize profit. This, according to Marx, is why the labor of the proletariat continued to steadily increase while the wages of the proletariat continued to steadily decrease.
The latter part of the nineteenth century was teeming with evolved social and economical ideas. These views of the social structure of urban society came about through the development of ideals taken from past revolutions and the present clash of individuals and organized assemblies. As the Industrial Revolution steamed ahead paving the way for growing commerce, so did the widening gap between the class structure which so predominantly grasped the populace and their rights within the community. The development of a capitalist society was a very favorable goal in the eyes of the bourgeoisie. Using advancing methods of production within a system of free trade, the ruling middle class were strategically able to earn a substantial surplus of funds and maintain their present class of life. Thus, with the advancement of industry and the bourgeoisie's gain of wealth, a counter-action was undoubtably taking place. The resultant was the degradation of the working-class, of the proletarians whom provided labour to a middle-class only to be exploited in doing so. Exploitation is a quarrel between social groups that has been around since the dawn of mankind itself. The persecution of one class by another has historically allowed the advancement of mankind to continue. These clashes, whether ending with positive or negative results, allow Man to evolve as a species, defining Himself within the social structure of nature. Man's rivalry amongst one another allows for this evolution! through the production of something which is different, not necessarily productive, but differing from the present norm and untried through previous epochs.
Realistic Conflict Theory As one of the oldest social psychology theories, the Realistic Conflict Theory deals with the conflict and hostility that is projected to arise between individuals or groups competing over the same limited resources. Therefore, as a resource, opportunity, or even goal, becomes harder to obtain, the amount of aggression is projected to increase as well. This theory is not only visible in many everyday situations, but it also establishes a basis for which discrimination and prejudice can be partly explained. The initial study of this theory was conducted in a three-step experiment.
Lane, Abigail, and Gooch note that “a conflict situation is determined by the people who play out particular roles, the specific context where it takes place, the particular point in time when the interchange occurs, and the expectations for behavior implied within it” (p. 152). The conflict described in this paper is between George, a fellow classmate, and me here at Trident Technical College. To full the requirements of this paper, I will use and apply the five-step process of the phase theory, “a theory which assumes that a conflict unfolds in fairly a predictable way over a period of time and progresses through recognizable stages of interaction” (p. 157).
The concept of conflict and dispute is by no means new, especially conflict. Max Weber states that conflict over property in any specific period occurs more than once as early as the nineteenth century, which refines the conflict theory of Karl Max. As relevant theories evolve, it is found that conflict and dispute are substantially inevitable. In the field of project management, great changes have occurred with the growth of the association of project managers(APM)，project managers have gradually become an independent profession (Gameson&; Lowe, 1996). Similarly, conflict and dispute are widely believed to be a frequent occurrence for project managers and it is said that 70%-80% of project managers’ time is spent on conflict and disputes (Xinhua
It is interesting how people understand, interpret, and behave in conflict. There are psychological processes that influence conflict interaction through human behavior at a sub-conscious level. Psychodynamic perspective is the way aggressive impulses and anxiety is channeled, which plays a critical role in conflict communication because the energy determines how someone reacts to conflict. The energy must be managed. For example, aggressive energy from feelings of guilt or lack of self-worth will raise a person’s heart beat and tense up their muscles. It can cause a fight or flight response. There are strategies for dealing with aggression and anxiety, for example, suppression or displacement of the aggressive energy and stress. The psychodynamic
Once individuals or parties enter into a negotiation process to resolve conflict, they will bring a clear position on the table in their efforts to settle the conflict. The two basic situation’s people follow when entering into negotiations are cooperative or competitive. A cooperative approach supports the process of interest-based or integrative bargaining, this interested groups to pursue a win-win results. The disputants who work cooperatively to negotiate a solution is more likely to develop a union of trust, and can come up with equally respected options of settlement. The mutual gains approach is considered a practical resolution process.