CONCERNS REGARDING SNOW AND ICE BUILD-UP The United States has become increasingly dependent on its road system to enable the reliable movement of an ever growing amount of people, goods and services (EPA). Despite the inevitability of inclement weather, Americans expect these systems to be maintained in order to allow for safe travel (EPA). Every year in the northeastern United States, municipalities are forced to find solutions to the myriad of problems presented by the accumulation of snow and ice on their roadways and bridges. This nearly guaranteed accrual of snow and ice not only causes severe traffic issues for local transportation departments to rectify, it also presents major safety concerns for the thousands of commuters that travel …show more content…
These chemicals melt ice and snow by “lowering the freezing point of the snow-salt mixture” (Zhang) at the point of application. Before applying to roadways, liquid products are often added to abrasives or solids salts to not only make them easier to distribute, but to maintain contact with the roadways (AASHTO). According to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), “the most commonly used winter maintenance product is solid salt (NaCl), followed by salt brine and then sand or traction material” (AASHTO). Furthermore, liquid magnesium chloride and liquid calcium chloride were used by nearly 60 percent of respondent municipalities (AASHTO). SODIUM CHLORIDE (NaCl) Commonly referred to as rock salt, sodium chloride is by far the “most widely used deicing chemical” (Zhang) due to its low cost and availability. Sodium Chloride is commonly used in conjunction with a pre-wetting fluid during application, which improves its adherence to pavement and minimizes waste. Sodium Chloride has been shown to “accelerate corrosion rates of automobiles, steel reinforced concrete, and the steel structures of bridges” (Zhang). CALCIUM CHLORIDE
In the essay, “Global Warming is Eroding Glacial Ice,” Andrew C. Revkin argues that global warming is the primary cause for many of the world’s natural disasters; including flash floods, climate change, and the melting of the polar ice caps. He includes multiple accounts of expert testimony as well as a multitude amount of facts and statistics to support his theory that global warming is a threat to the world. However, in the essay “Cold Comfort for ‘Global Warming’,” Phillip Stott makes the complete opposite argument. He argues that global warming is nothing to be worried about and the melting of the polar icecaps is caused by the interglacial period we are currently in. After reading both of these essays and doing extensive research on both viewpoints, I completely agree with Revkin that global warming is an enormous threat to our world today. My research not only helped me to take a stand but it also showed me the invalidity in Stott’s essay.
To start of we all know that driving in Winter all drivers experience low visibility which causes all drivers to take it slower than usual. Before thinking about driving in Winter, you need to make sure you know how to handle snowy and icy roads before getting behind the wheel. All it takes is the smallest patch of ice or snow to cause you to skid of the road, which could cause life threatning injuries
Common salt is another word for table salt. Table salt was researched to have the most of sodium chloride and actually has ninety-nine point nine percent (“Natural sea salt - will not cause high blood pressure”, n.d.). The researcher thinks it will increase the boiling point in water the most because it has the highest amount of sodium chloride present. Common salt is said to be the most used matter in the chemical world. Salt is translucent and can create electricity if melted. It is also known to melt ice or snow because it can be added to water to create a mixture that has a lower freezing point than purified water (Aasen, et Al 1999).
States on the lee, or down wind, sides of the great lakes receive lake-effect snow every year. For some cities this can push the average snowfall up to 400 inches. During the February storm of this year records were broken for the most snowfall in one storm. For a duration of the storm snow was falling at a rate of six inches or more per hour. Some of the images captured from the event leave some in disbelief that such a thing could even happen. Storms of this magnitude completely shut down all activity. Many areas do not have equipment capable of handling such mass amounts of snow, and even if they do the task is overwhelming. (weather.com 2006)
It is predicted that the effect of permafrost melting will be that the ocean levels will rise and will significantly increase the temperature and accelerate the rate at which global warming occurs. Permafrost covers 24% of the land in the Northern Hemisphere (Insert Citation), if this was to melt 1700 gigatonnes of methane and carbon dioxide (Insert Citation), powerful heat trapping gases, would be released into the atmosphere increasing the amount of greenhouse gases by 200%.
In the story,”What Happened During the Ice Storm,” the author, Jim Heynen, utilizes imagery to develop the theme of: be a leader of kindness, not a follower of violence. “Tree branches glistened like glass. Then broke like glass.” shows the contrast between the beauty that the cold rains brought, as well as the violence that came with it. This compares to, “went ice-skating…with clubs to harvest the "pheasants…” because both begin with an innocence, and end with contrasting violence. “...looking at each other, each expecting the other to do something. To pounce on a pheasant, or to yell Bang!” Exhibits how the boys were just waiting to follow whoever acted first, whether in violence or compassion, by describing their actions of uncertainty.
Do you believe in Witches? Back in the 1600’s they started to think that people were witches. I am not sure why, but they did specific tests to see if you were a witch. There were many different theories to why people started accusing people of being witches. You tell me are there witches or are they fake?
Also, MSDS had given how to protect equipment, the condition necessary to stabilize Thallium (I) chloride, toxicological information, how to treated waste of Thallium(I) chloride after used and procedures by Radiation Safety Officer or by a consult with the state, local, or federal regulation for appropriate disposable. If I workers in an in a warehouse, I would a wear equip safety suit as advised in MSDS to avoid Thallium (I) chloride ever contacted in my ingestion system, skin, eye and Chronic exposure. The MSDS also advise should store Thallium(I) chloride in 20-25 C. The handling of Thallium(I) chloride needs a syringe shields and tongs are recommended. As a fireman, Thallium (I) chloride is disregarded as a fire hazard or explosive hazards. In the case of fire, firemen were advised wear protective suit that can withstand high-pressure mode. If I work as a medical person treating someone, MSDS has first aid techniques to treat if Thallium(I) chloride contract skin or eye by use water to wash it off. However, MSDS doesn’t have a method to treat if Thallium(I) chloride get inside your
Mead, H. K. (2002, June 22). Office of the Inspector General. Retrieved Feb 12, 2014, from US Department of Transportation: http://www2.oig.dot.gov/sites/dot/files/pdfdocs/cc2002180.pdf
INTRODUCTION The winter season can be a major hassle for some people while others just have to deal with a slight cool down in temperatures. Over the northern portions of the country, people are faced to deal with the harsh conditions that Mother Nature has in store. Some winter seasons are less brutal than others. Besides the typical storm systems that come through the area and drop different types of precipitation whether it is snow, sleet, or freezing rain, there’s another weather event that affects not everyone in the country, but primarily around the Great Lakes.
Saturated sodium chloride solution, also known as brine solution, is used to wash the distillate mixture. The distillate mixture is the phosphoric acid the co-distilled with the product. The brine solution also removes most of the water from the 4-methylcyclohexane layer. When six drops of 4-methylcyclohexene were added with two
Chasing Ice covers the long debated topic of global warming and whether or not human activity is currently causing global temperatures to rise. Evidence suggests that increased carbon dioxide emissions over the past couple hundred years are responsible for the warming of the Earth’s surface, and thus increasing the levels of the ocean due to an accelerated rate of ice melting. We discussed this same topic in class and how humans are contributing to the greenhouse effect which plays a large role in trapping these unnatural amounts of gases such as carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere and causing a rise in the number of natural disasters around the world.
AOPA Air Safety Foundation. (2002, November 11). Aircraft Icing. Retrieved February 19, 2005 from http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sa11.pdf
One has to be aware of other drivers, bikers, pedestrians and the weather. You have to plan to leave 15-30 minutes ahead of time to ensure a punctual arrival. First you have to start your vehicle and let it warm u for about 10 minutes, depending on if its cold. The roads are typically slippery from ice and snow. If it is snowing once you are driving traffic
The snow that was predicted to be several inches by the end of the weekend quickly piled up to around eight inches by that evening. At times, the snow was falling so heavily you could hardly see the streetlights that glistened like beacons in a sea of snow. With the landscape draped in white, the trees hangi...