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Torture as a moral wrong
The ethics of torture
The effects of sleep deprivation apa paper
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I assessed that the use of sleep deprivation is not a useful interrogation tool with regards to intelligence gathering. Sleep deprivation should not be used as an interrogation technique due to the fact that torture as an interrogation technique leads to false confessions and sleep deprivation specifically can lead to memory loss and confusion, also leading to false confessions whether or not the subject realizes it. There is also the ethical debate regarding torture being used at all as an interrogation technique during the “Global War on Terrorism”, and the limitation of constitutional rights of those subjects.
The US Government should not be able to limit constitutional rights because they are in fact rights, if they were to be limited
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Fenn, who conducted the research at Michigan State University, stated the following, “This is the first direct evidence that sleep deprivation increases the likelihood that a person will falsely confess to wrongdoing that never occurred,” said Fenn. “It’s a crucial first step toward understanding the role of sleep deprivation in false confessions and, in turn, raises complex questions about the use of sleep deprivation in the interrogation of innocent and guilty suspects.” Sleep deprivation was employed routinely and was seen as a key tool in many ‘enhanced’ interrogations. Many of these techniques overlap with other interrogation procedures—the use of stress positions, and in particular shackling a standing detainee with his hands in front of his body, this causes the subject to be unable to balance and support himself. In some cases of interrogations the shackles that their hands are in have an attached chain that the interrogator can yank if the subject begins to fall asleep. Among the most infamous was the use of loud music and white noise, sometimes played for 24 hours a day on short loops. The cells where the detainees were held were also reportedly kept deliberately cold to prevent detainees from falling asleep. The CIA was authorized to keep a detainee awake for up to 180 hours about a week, but told the Justice Department it only kept three detainees awake for 96 hours at the maximum. The Michigan State University study proved that cognitive impairment, impaired moral judgement, and decreased reaction time and accuracy are all caused by sleep deprivation which can lead to false confessions and having the individual say whatever they deem necessary for the torture to
It may become necessary to limit people’s rights, and there are several reasons why it is okay to do so. The things that make it appropriate to limit someone’s rights include section 1 of the Charter, The Notwithstanding Clause, and also the Oakes Test. Section 1 of the Charter essentially gives permission to the government to limit rights when clearly necessary, the Notwithstanding Clause basically allows the government to override a right or freedom when necessary, and the Oakes Test assures that rights are not limited to an unconstitutional extent. With these stipulations in place, there should be no problem when it comes to limiting a person’s rights and freedoms, under the Charter.
Sleep deprivation is a common condition that occurs if you don’t get enough sleep. In case of sleep deprivation people have trouble falling and staying asleep for a long period of time. In order to understand how serious sleep deprivation can be, one must need to know causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, how much sleep do we need? What does sleep do for us? And how we can cure sleep deprivation.
Five prisoners had hallucinations, started screaming, and ripping their flesh off. The gas the Russian scientists used was unknown and these side effects were unpredictable. The Russian Sleep was an experiment among prisoners to test a gas to stop them from sleeping. The Russian Sleep experiment was a real event because the building they used was a real place, the building had flowers inside the room, and there are images of a recorded room.The story was difficult to learn about because there were pieces of the story missing. The prisoners in the room stopped screaming at one point and then the scientists used the intercom in the room to try and provoke them. The scientists told the prisoner whoever would cooperate with them would have immediate freedom.
The first Amendment of the United States Constitution says; “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”[1] Our fore fathers felt that this statement was plain enough for all to understand, however quite often the United States government deems it necessary to make laws to better define those rights that are stated in the Constitution. Today the framers would be both encouraged and discouraged by our modern interpretation the First Amendment the United States Constitution.
The U.S. Constitution is the framework of our government that defines its powers and limitations, and it describes the relationship between the citizens of the country and the government at national, state and local levels. The U.S. Constitution defines what government can and cannot do, but it does not, however, regulate the behavior of private citizens. Therefore, only government can violate the individual constitutional rights. The principle that only the federal, state, or local governments can violate constitutional rights is called state action. State action also refers to the indirect state involvement when activity is a public function or when private conduct becomes significantly involved with conduct by the government. State action is the main requirement for determining
Our interrogation tactics have come a long way from using physical force to retrieve incriminating evidence, which was referred to as the “third degree”, to non-violent methods of obtaining information. We’d like to think that the system we have instilled in America is perfect and fair, but that is far from the reality. Although we have eliminated physical force from interrogations, the new equivalent implemented to the third degree is psychological torture. The nation-wide system used to interrogate potential suspects- the Reid Technique- is heavily flawed and corrupt. In his book Unfair, author Adam Benforado, unveils the truth behind modern interrogation style: it coerces suspects into producing false confessions by subjecting them to grueling
As can be seen in various other Supreme Court rulings, both the United States Constitution and state constitutions affect civil liberties policymaking. As defined in Think: American Government, civil liberties are “the protection of the individual from the unrestricted power of government” (Tannahill 2012). In particular, the constitutional basis for civil liberties in America includes the First Amendment, which reads that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances” (Tannahill 2012). In other words, the First Amendment prohibits the government from adopting laws that
False confessions are receiving more public attention now that people are speaking out about having to serve jail time for a crime they did not commit. 2015 was a year to remember for false confessions, starting in January when a man was released after serving 21 years in prison. The protocols that interrogators are trained to follow are dangerous because they allow investigators to have complete influence on innocent people to make false confessions. Most people believe that all interrogators are trained to use mental and physical abusive tactics because it appears in the media and news so often, therefore making it believable to blame them for false confessions. “Interrogation is derived from the Latin roots inter (in the presence of) and rogre (to ask).There are no nefarious connotations, elements of torture, or illegal activities associated with the action of interrogation”(Boetig).
...tee against arbitrary and malicious persecution of individuals by the state; by weakening those protections, the government has opened the doors to new encroachments on the liberties that all residents of the United States rightfully enjoy.
Sleep deprivation is a commonplace occurrence in modern culture. Every day there seems to be twice as much work and half as much time to complete it in. This results in either extended periods of wakefulness or a decrease in sleep over an extended period of time. While some people may like to believe that they can train their bodies to not require as much sleep as they once did this belief is false (1). Sleep is needed to regenerate certain parts of the body, especially the brain, so that it may continue to function optimally. After periods of extended wakefulness or reduced sleep neurons may begin to malfunction, visibly effecting a person's behavior. Some organs, such as muscles, are able to regenerate even when a person is not sleeping so long as they are resting. This could involve lying awake but relaxed within a quite environment. Even though cognitive functions might not seem necessary in this scenario the brain, especially the cerebral cortex, is not able to rest but rather remains semi-alert in a state of "quiet readiness" (2). Certain stages of sleep are needed for the regeneration of neurons within the cerebral cortex while other stages of sleep seem to be used for forming new memories and generating new synaptic connections. The effects of sleep deprivation on behavior have been tested with relation to the presence of activity in different sections of the cerebral cortex.
Until there is a credible way to determine whether or not torture is in fact effective, I pass judgment that the practice should be discontinued. The question as to if the torture policy is a human rights violation or if it holds crucial necessity, is not answered in the essay. Applebaum explores the reality that torture possesses negative implications on the inflictor. After presented with the compelling stance and evidence, Applebaum raises the interesting question as to why so much of society believes that torture is successful. I agree that the torture policy is wrong, a point emphasized by Applebaum, contrary to the popular attitude surrounding the topic.
Getting sufficient sleep is a basic human need and is vital for life. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, sleep is a high priority for survival. Having enough sleep is therefore important to restore body and brain functions, preserve energy, maintain general well-being and prevent illnesses.
The notion that fear will make a human leak information is not a novel idea. Torture has widely been used throughout the world by many groups of people. After World War II, The Geneva Convention prohibited any nation from partaking in torture. The emergence of terrorist activity on American soil brought up the question whether torture should be advocated or prohibited from a moral standpoint. The US changed the definition of torture in order to forcibly attain potentially important information from captives. Even though the new clause suggested that many of the methods the US used were now legal, other countries still had an issue in terms of honoring the Geneva Convention and basic human rights. Advocates for torture promise that countless innocent lives can be saved from the information obtained from a single torture victim. Opponents to the advocates suggest that torture often results in misleading information. Morally, torture is not justified as it degrades humans and often leaves victims scarred for life and possibly dead.
The entire American Government is based in the belief that all human beings are born with certain rights. People do not receive their rights from the Government; its function is actually to guard the rights we already have. Citizens are protected by the first amendment, which prohibits government from acting against anyone's rights.
The Russian Sleep Experiment is an urban legend told about a group of scientists that use prisoners to test the effects of not sleeping on the human body. The legend of the Russian Sleep Experiment suggests that a group of political prisoners who had been labeled as enemies of the state were tested on to know the limitations of the human body. The scientists observed the men with only microphones at all times while the five men stayed awake for fifteen days. The men were placed in a chamber with a gas that was created to remove the need for sleep (C. (2014, October 28).