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Contributions of Catherine the Great of Russia
Background information on catherine the great essAY
Background information on catherine the great essAY
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Frederick the Great vs. Catherine the Great Fredrick the Great became a Prussian ruler and King after his father’s death, from May 31st, 1740 until his own death in 1786. Fredrick was a sensitive and an intelligent humanist who wrote poetry, and produced insightful essays. More than any other ruler of the age, Fredrick the Great of Prussia embodied enlightened absolutism. Enlightened absolutism is when absolute rulers use enlightenment principles to reform a society. Frederick demanded the loyalty of the military, the Junker nobility, the Lutheran clergy, a growing bureaucracy recruited from an educated middle class, and university professors (539). Because of their loyalty, Fredrick felt that he had the
She tried to bring about political and social reforms by compiling a document called “Nakaz” which contained advice on how legislature should function and pushed for capital punishment and torture to be outlawed and everyone be declared equal. She focused the early years of her reign on the promotion of administrative efficiency and expansion of educational opportunities. Under Catherine reign, the Assignation Bank started issuing the government paper in 1768, having the Government Issue paper money. Ands lastly, during Catherine made substantial gains in Poland and gave the parts of Poland to Prussia and Austria, while taking the eastern region for herself. Catherine worst blunders were that she did not allow dissenters to build chapels and she suppressed religious dissent after the French revolution. Catherine ruled through corruption, scandal, and her failed attempts at reforms. Lastly, 95% of Russia did not benefit directly from Catherine’s reign, and she did not consider the blood and sweat of the people who help grow the economy during this
Catherine II was motivated by the ideals of enlightened absolutism because she read the works of enlightenment writers and believed that certain reforms would ensure the well-being of her subjects. Catherine’s first major reform involved Russia’s legal system, which was based on the inefficient Code of Laws. Catherine's legal reform was documented to be the ideal government for Russia. The Empress called for a progressive legal system which focused on granting equal protection under law to all persons and emphasizing prevention of criminal acts rather than the imposing of harsh punishment. Catherine also reformed domestic matters after a series of threatening events. For security reasons, she reorganized provincial administration to favor the nobility. Catherine even reformed educational facilities by increasing the number of elementary and secondary schools. She also gave attention to the arts and science, making St. Petersburg one of the most cultural place in Europe during her reign. The reforms that were influenced by enlightened absolutism were appealing to Catherine II because it would bring peace and stability to Russia and its people. This made her favorable among her people, thus making her more
However, here the was a monarchy and a king with great control over the government. Using his control of the economy, a strong "Mercantilism" system was used aimed at maximizing foreign exports and reserves. The king became the center of this new power. The last major point which increased political power was the reorganizing of the central governments in both England and in France. The economic changes in this century required new relationships between the King and his subjects.
Catherine soon became the empress of Russia and even though she was a foreigner she proved to be a great leader. She was in charge of a big expansion of Russian territory when a polish Russian war broke out and led to the seize of the European expenditures. Great military wins and a good diplomacy made Russia one of Europe’s greatest powers, expansions into Siberia brought money back into Moscow from the fur trade which led to friendly relations between Russia and Japan.
Even in two different eras, two men can be more similar than different. In July 356 BC, Alexander the Great was born to Philip of Macedonia, ruler of the Macedonian empire. After successfully conquering two million miles of land, Alexander returned to Babylon where he died of disease on June tenth, 323 BC. 1,485 years later, Genghis Khan was born to a mongolian chieftain or clan leader. He successful conquered and united twelve million miles of land and died of disease in 1227 AD. Both rulers lead entirely different empires but both were similar in their style of ruling and more. Genghis Khan and Alexander the Great were similar in many ways.
These principles affected Europe and the rest of the Western world for years. All actions taken must be well reasoned, and all financial, political, and military matters must flow toward strengthening the state and furthering its power. It improved women rights granting those increased educational opportunities, revolutionary economic theories, and plenty of literature and music. The reasoning and problem solving made the Enlightment era pivotal. However, it took some people time to get use to the principles of the Enlightenment but it made a beneficial effect on their daily lives. It made people form a single body and not abuse their authority of power. The advancement of the Enlightenment transformed the Western world into an intellectual and self-aware civilization. The Enlightened Absolutists were Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria. Catherine was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country’s longest –ruling female leader. Joseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to
Having been enlightened by common philosophies of his time during his short reign of the Habsburg Empire in the late 1700s, the despot, Joseph II, having a clear vision of his empire as powerful and benevolent, employed his power to enact many long desired, Enlightenment-influenced reforms over his people. The Despot’s reigning ideas were characterized as modern and enlightened as they followed the rational thought presented by popular philosophes, including Voltaire, Father Hidalgo, and Thomas Jefferson. His opinions, representative of Enlightenment ideals, were rooted in the abolition of serfdom, religious tolerance, and educational reform, which made Joseph II an exemplary sovereign of the Enlightenment age.
...er civilizations, its use by Frederick II is what secured Prussian power and him the title of Frederick the Great.
Enlightened despots believed that political change could best come from above; from the ruler. However, they were encouraged by the philosophers to make good laws to promote human happiness. How did these monarchs differ from earlier unenlightened monarchs of the past? The difference lay in tempo. These new despots acted abruptly and desired quicker results. They were impatient with all that stood in the way of their reforms. In addition, they justified their authority on the grounds of usefulness, not divine right. These new monarchs were rational and reformist and they regarded political change as possible and desirable. Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, and Joseph II are good examples of Enlightened Despots.
All good stories have at least one thing that helps the story move along in a more unified and intriguing manner. In F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby" the element that assists in the progression of the story, is based more on the characters of the story than anything. The fact that Nick and Gatsby have completely contrasting personalities, beliefs, and lifestyles, really helps the advancement of the novel.
The Greeks and Romans were famous for their ever-expanding empire, it seemed that no matter who was in charge of the democracy the major focus was help the empire to grow. One of the greatest conquerors’ for the Romans was Alexander the Great who ruled during the late 4th century BC. He along with his armies took over a great amount of land from other nations, which is what made him so memorable. Not only was Alexander the Great impressive but the Mediterranean Roman Republic collectively that fought and stretched the rule of the Romans to other nations. While these two eras of expansion are very similar they are also different, what happened to the people that were conquered, the manner these empires were ruled, and finally how long these
The Victorian Era is a Era that is extremely known throughout society. It’s known to take place in the United Kingdom of Great Britain, In the Nineteenth century. The Era is named after their Queen Victoria, The Queen at the time who ruled until her death in 1901, in which the era had ended. The era had many things go on throughout the years, in a nutshell it was a industrial revolution. The era has a lot of influence even in modern times, the parts of modern time pop culture has even structured area around the area. A lot of things that we know from today were formed or created in this era making it quite important. This is including but not limited to invention, Medical, Science, Public Service, Entertainment, and Workforce.
... on discipline. Firstly, he needed to be sure of the loyalty of subordinates and officials, which he did by introducing rewards and punishments, the incentive of rewards increased momentum, however because targets were so high and nearly impossible the only beneficiaries were the Stakhanovites (workers who exceeded their quota). Secondly he ended wage equalisation, claiming that equality caused chaos.
In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, Lady Catherine and Elizabeth Bennet reveal their personalities in their conversation in the copse; Lady Catherine through her mordant commentary paints herself as a reputable and resolute woman, whereas Elizabeth, despite her lower status, exhibits her cunning and headstrong attitude. [2] The two ladies both use precise diction and artfully crafted sentences to convey their characters. Lady Catherine arrives at the Bennet estate with preconceived notions of how she will conduct the conversation, but once they begin talking, Elizabeth crushes her expectations, and rises above the condescending Lady Catherine. Lady Catherine, having heard of the rumor that Darcy intends to propose
Prussia was a small nation, yet benefited from generations of dominant and influential leaders. Frederick William, known as the Elector of Brandenburg, devoted years to constructing Prussia into a powerful administration. He is commonly referred to as the father of absolutism in Prussia. Frederick William prioritized the growth of the army, thus ingraining its military into the state and society. Taxation and marchantilism were also used to help grow their exceptional army. His grandson, Frederick William the “Soldier King”, continued his formation of Prussia’s military-centered bureaucracy into the absolutist state. He began with incorporating “the landowning Junker class into the government and the army by keeping the taxpaying peasants in the status of serfs” (Perry, 396). In return for their service to the King, the Junker class, or Prussian nobility was allowed full power over the
However some monarchs accepted the philosophers ideas and were inspired by them to implement reforms that benefit the entire nation. One of these was Frederick the second, known as Frederick The Great, the king of Prussia who saw himself as the “first servant of the state”. During his time the use of torture was reduced and free press was allowed. Additionally he tolerated religious differences and welcomed victims of religious persecution. This influenced people who lived both in Prussia and outside of it because they now had a county who welcomed them regardless of their religion beliefs. Another important Enlightened despot was Maria Theresa who worked to improve the life of peasants. Her son Joseph the second, also known as the most radical of the enlightened depots who supported religious equality for Protestants and Jews in his Catholic Empire. He allowed freedom of speech and ended censorship to give people the opportunity to express and spread their ideas. This influences peoples way of life and the life standards rose to some extent. People could feel more secure and treated more like individuals instead of as an entire mob. Changes were happening slow, but slow changes are better than no changes so it was still a step towards a more just society where people would be more equal than they were before. The