Shapeshifting In Gilgamesh

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Shapeshifting has a prominent role in lore and dates back to the oldest of tales. The Epic of Gilgamesh features Humbaba, a demon who guards the Cedar Forest. Humbaba appears to have changed forms while fighting Gilgamesh and Enkidu—during the fight, Gilgamesh cried, “My Friend, Humbaba’s face keeps changing!” Shapeshifting is also common in Greek and Roman mythology. Zeus, in his pursuit of women, shifted into a variety of shapes ranging from a swan to a shower of gold. Ovid’s Metamorphoses is essentially a collection of case studies in shapeshifting. Even the God of Judeo-Christian tradition can be seen as a shapeshifter: the Old Testament has Him appearing as a burning bush to Moses and as an angel to Hagar; and the New Testament introduces the concept of the Trinity, with the Holy Spirit variously manifesting itself as tongues of fire and as a dove.
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Although I’ve never seen a pig turn into a tree, nature has its own version of shapeshifting: camouflage. In addition to color changes, as exemplified by the chameleon, there are many other traits that can be harnessed for their shapeshifting potential, such as changes in texture and bioluminescence. The golden tortoise beetle can change from a shiny gold to a dull red by altering the moisture levels of grooves in the shell; this changes the reflectivity of the outer shell, creating a surface that varies from shiny to dull. The mutable rain frog can change the texture of its skin from spiny to smooth in a matter of seconds; it does this so quickly that one researcher thought she had photographed the wrong specimen. While bioluminescence in itself is a pretty remarkable trait, some bioluminescent animals exhibit a variation called counter-illumination, where they produce light to match an illuminated background. An example would be the firefly squid, which has thousands of photophores, or organs that emit a deep blue

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