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Impact of John XXIII's papacy
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When St. John XXIII announced the Second Vatican Council (hereafter VC II) in 1959, he caught the Catholic world by surprise; no one expected that he would cause upheaval in the Catholic Church. I believe that VC II’s legacy is not strictly restricted to the Church’s doctrine, the liturgical changes that came out of the council signalled the Church’s willingness to reform itself to grow with post World War II society. Prior to VC II the mass not the all-inclusive experience associated with the modern Church: the priest did not address the congregation directly and the mass was said in Latin, the vernacular of the Middle Ages. When the mass was in Latin parishioners would not listen to the scripture readings, taking the opportunity to say prayers, …show more content…
Popes Leo XIII, Pius IX and Pius X all rejected the prospect of salvation being attainable outside of the Catholic Church, considering the Catholic Church, the true Church of Christ. The stance of these popes disallowed Catholic clergymen and theologians from participating in ecumenical dialogues with other Christian denominations. However, Paul VI’s promulgation of The Decree on Ecumenism: Unitatis Redintegratio in 1964 changed Catholic rhetoric towards Protestantism. Protestants were no longer considered heretical in their beliefs, the Catholic Church acknowledged Protestants as in imperfect communion with the Church, recognizing that the use of the Trinitarian formula in the baptism as signal that salvation is achievable in these denominations. The promulgation of Unitatis Redintergratio has forced the Catholic Church to communicate with its Christian brethren in an attempt to reunite the Church. The success of the ecumenical movement has been slow, but its yield can be seen in the revocation of the 1054 anathemas of excommunication between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in 1965. Since its promulgation Unitatis Redintergratio has reconciled the Church with many Eastern Churches becoming Eastern Catholic Churches, exhibiting Christian unity St. John XXIII envisioned when he called the …show more content…
Within the Catholic Church today people who are divorced and remarried are not allowed to partake in the Eucharistic sacrament, barring them from salvation. I don’t think that the Church has considered the implications of this thinking, for many, divorce is the their only option to escape an abusive marriage, where the covenant has been broken. In some cases remarriage brings people out of squalor (single mothers) towards prosperity, to deny these people the Eucharist seems counter intuitive. The lack of definition on this topic has caused controversy recently when Pope Francis welcomed divorcees to the Eucharistic sacrament. Francis’ statement because of the undefined nature of divorce in the Catholic Church has caused the concept of papal primacy and infallibility to be challenged. If the council fathers had take the time to define the state of divorce in the Church, current unanswered questions about why remarried divorcees cannot partake in the Lord’s Supper. While it makes sense to protect the sanctity of the sacraments from persons who divorced their spouse for reconcilable differences (e.g. arguments), where the disillusionment of the covenant is not possible, it should not extend to persons whose spouse has abandoned or abused them. VC II’s inability to combat some of the pervasive issues of its time has led to the modern Church’s failure to address them in
Elected in 1958 as a ‘caretaker Pope’, Pope John XXIII implemented the greatest reforms in the Church’s history. His involvement within the Church had played a significant contribution to the reforming of social, political and liturgical Christian traditions. During the early twentieth century, the Catholic Church still held the century old conservative beliefs and traditions as they continued to separate the Church from the secular world, therefore, disadvantaging the Church to a world that was modernising. In addition to this, the Church restricted modernist thoughts due to the belief that new theologies would threaten the power and authority of the Church, but ...
During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church was the epicenter of most people 's lives and it influenced them greatly, and their rulings shaped many societies. In order to encourage civil relations and less greed and bloodshed the Catholic Church installed a rule of no longer allowing divorce. For some time divorce was used in order to sever ties with your spouse when they couldn’t provide an heir, land or financial gain, or as much as another suitor. This led to many divorces and serial marriages, bloodshed and out right injustice. Some may argue that these marriages weren’t entered in with high regards to such a hefty commitment knowing that it could simply be ended whenever either spouse pleased.
Also, pre-1962, a Catholic Mass was very different. In a catholic mass prior to 1962, a priest would speak to the congregation in Ecclesiastical Latin and it was not practiced in the local languages. The people were not encouraged to participate. Practices such as Benediction, Novenas, and Rosary were practiced by the family as a whole. Benediction was on Friday nights where the whole family would attend. The novenas would be attended by children prior to important schooling events (held by the school itself) and the rosary was a family ac...
One of Vatican II's changes that took place was that Mass became vernacular. This change was very important because it made people feel more at a personal level when mass was held, seeing as though the priest was speaking their language. It made them feel more at home and increased their understanding and ability to respond. Another very major and important change that took place due to Vatican II was the relationship with the Church and the world. The Church is a human organization steered by the Holy Spirit and composed of the gifts and talents of its members.
The family unit has been the cornerstone of civilization since the beginning of time. It is the one, ubiquitous common bond that brings human beings together in hopes of perpetuating their lineage. We do not simply mate for reproductions sake. On the contrary, we look to pass on to our children certain cultural beliefs and values that define our very existence. Moreover, just as Satan endeavors to separate the unity Christians have with their Heavenly Father so does divorce threaten the sanctity of marriage. According to the American Psychological Association, (2016) “about 40 to 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce”. The dissolution of marriage is not a victimless incident. Its consequence has a far-reaching effect on society as a whole, but even more devastating are the effects on any children that are involved.
During the 11th and 12th centuries the Roman Catholic Church began facing changes, some of these changes were good for the church, while others came at great criticism. One of the greatest conflicts was Church vs. State. The absolute goal of the reforms was to find ways to consolidate their power by making the church more independent of secular control. With the groundwork laid by Pope Leo IV, along comes Pope Gregory VII who introduces what is referred to as the “Gregorian reform movement” (p 267).
The Second Vatican Council happened in January 1959 held by Pope John XXll and went on into 1965. This event had changed the many parts of our world in many ways. It was a time of change where relationships with other yreligions, Christian traditions and the whole world. One of the reasons why The Second Vatican Council occurred was so that other beliefs and religious traditions where separated to join and invite others to there faith. The Second Vatican Council was the first complete ecumenical council since the council of Trent in the 1500.
At the time, in the Christian church, Mass was considered the most solemn service; it was a commemoration of Christ’s Last Supper, and it was celebrated in Latin until 1962. In this service, there are two differing components: Ordinary and Proper. In Ordinary, the texts do not change: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei. In Proper, however, the texts vary: Introit, Gradual, Alleluia/Tract, Offertory, and
Dei Verbum, the Second Vatican Council’s Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation signifies most important theological advances since the Vatican Council 1,also constructs upon the fundamentals which Vatican I laid. But Vatican 1 focused on Faith (Dei Filius). (Further, Dei Verbum is indicated with an abbreviation DV.) DV dealt with a matter that is fundamental to the faith. Divine revelation, which is the word of God expressed in Scripture and Tradition, is the basis of all Christian doctrine. While the Second Vatican Council generally avoided creating new dogmatic explanations, the present constitution at least touches upon the age-old question of the relationship between Scripture and Tradition. It also clarifies teaching about the authenticity and inerrancy of Holy Scripture, in light of modern developments in exegesis and criticism. Thus DV is a synthesis of enormous significance :the text binds together loyolty to church tradition with the yes to critical science, and there by once again opens the way for faith into the world today……(the dogmatic constituion a commentry joseph ratzinger)
The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), as stated by Hobson and Welbourne (2002), is seen as a catalyst for major change in the “discourse of religious education”. Religious educators have found it necessary to change not only what they teach, but more importantly, how they teach it to make accommodations for the changes in society that have included the impact of early Catholic schools and the shift from lay to religious teachers. These changes have also included secular theories from the doctrinal approach to the education approach, increases in population due to immigration, multicultural influences generated by this change in population and finally families who no longer have strong ties to parish communities.
Throughout the 1980s and '90s, John Paul II dealt forcefully with dissent within the church, reaffirming Roman Catholic teachings about homosexuality, abortion, artificial methods of human reproduction and birth control, and priestly celibacy. He resisted secularization in the church, although he endorsed the use of modern technologies such as the Internet to spread the church's messages. In redefining the responsibilities of laity, priests, and religious orders, he rejected ordination of women as priests and opposed direct political participation and office holding by priests. His initial ecumenical moves were toward Eastern Orthodoxy and Anglicanism, but his greatest achievement came on Oct. 31, 1999, when Catholics and Lutherans signed, at Augsburg, Germany, an accord ending the dispute over the doctrine of justification which sparked the Protestant Reformation 482 years earlier. During the same period, he also contributed to the restoration of democr...
divorce and remarriage, which occur all too often as one, or both, marital partners abandon their Christian ethical commitments and responsibilities. Marriage is the foundation of the family, both in terms of procreation and nurture.
Internationally, the Vatican has been seen as a symbol for the power of the Church throughout many centuries. Its ancient architecture and housing of the Holy See causes it to be seen essentially as the spiritual center of Catholicism. Besides its status as the home of the pope, the Vatican exists as a special sovereign state that is filled with an overwhelming amount of culture in such a small area. The city has witnessed some of the most monumental events in the Church’s history, which are documented in the state’s very own architecture, art, and even government.
Catechism of the Catholic church: Revised in accordance with the official Latin text promulgated by pope John Paul II
Early in history, the Roman papacy consolidated its power. It became one of the most influential organizations in the medieval period. This rise to power resulted from the decline in the Western Empire, the leadership of Roman bishops, and special grants that gave the church land holdings. This rise to power caused some positive ramifications, such as the protection of the church from heresy. However, the absolute power of the pope also caused corruption and abuses, many of which would eventually spark the reformation.