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Essay on Sand Creek massacre
Native americans treatment of white settlers in 1800s
Essay on Sand Creek massacre
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I think that the Indian version of the Massacre at Sand Creek was most persuasive to me. In 1851, the tribes went to Fort Laramie to make a Treaty with the United States government along with all the plains tribes. The Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes were recognized as the occupiers of most of eastern Colorado. This land was claimed by these tribes, and in return they would let the white people access the trails through their land. That treaty only lasted 10 years. In 1861 a new treaty was formed called the treaty of Fort Wise, which put them on a smaller piece of land on the Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado. This land was a big sand field with no food, so when they went out to hunt and get food a lot of the conflict was because they went out of there …show more content…
After the Hungate attack in June of 1864, the Cheyenne and Arapaho people went into Denver for peace talks. Black Kettle was promised peace if him and his people relocated to the military post at Fort Lyon. Major Edward Wynkoop the commander of the fort gave the tribes food and were allowed to camp outside the fort. Word got back to his superiors and he wasn’t supposed to be suppling any Indian with food, so he was replaced with a new commander which he told them to go to sand creek and he would come out there when he knew what he was going to do with them. In 1864, Governor John Evans, very mad that he was denied state hood gave John Chivington one of the military commanders permission to raise a regiment of volunteers, known as 100 day soldiers to take care of the matter himself. Colorado troops repeatedly attacked peaceful villages. Lean Bear one of the peace chiefs was shot when he rode out to talk to the troop and let them know that they wanted peace and not to fight. Lean Bear was one of the chiefs that had gotten a peace medal from President
Army in 1874, when General George A Custer said that gold had been discovered in the Black Hills of the Dakota Territory. This was a sacred area to many tribes and had always been off-limits to white settlement since the signing of the Fort Laramie Treaty. The government tried to purchase this land, but failed, so the Fort Laramie Treaty was set aside and ordered that all Lakota were to leave their land by January 31, 1867. Sitting Bull refused to leave so he and his tribe stood their ground. They later realized that there were more army men than Lakota, so they joined forces with other
The massacre at Wounded Knee was the last action in a long and bloody war that pitted Native American Indians against U.S Military forces. For roughly 300 years the two sides had been in constant conflict across America in a battle for land, resources, and ultimately; freedom. This final massacre solidified the American hold on the west and closed the final chapter on a way of life that can never be brought back. Lakota Indians, having learned of the death of Sitting Bull started to move towards Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in hopes of finding protection from Red Cloud. However, the harsh South Dakota winter weather had different plans, causing Chief Big Foot to become extremely ill. The Lakota came across cavalry forces and showed white flags in order to show they were no threat and in need of assistance. The army had orders to move the Indians to a camp on Wounded Knee Creek in order to provide shelter, food, and aid. 1 It is evident that a misunderstanding combined with an already tense situation led to the confrontation and ultimate demise of many elderly men, women, and children at the hands of the United States Calvary. Was this an intentional act or just an unfortunate turn of events for the Lakota and Unites States Army.
"On September 25, 1990, hearings were conducted in the United States Senate by the Select Committee on Indian Affairs regarding the historical circumstances surrounding the Wounded Knee Massacre" (United States). As a result, Senate Congressional Resolution 153 (1989-1990) was passed. The following are excerpts from that resolution: "Whereas the Sioux people who are descendants of the victims and survivors of the Wounded Knee Massacre have been striving to reconcile and, in a culturally appropriate manner, to bring to an end their 100 years of grieving for the tragedy of December 29, 1890 ... which brought to a close an era in the history of this country ... characterized by an official government policy of forcibly removing the Indian tribes and bands from the path of westward expansion and settlement through placement on reservations.... Now therefore be it resolved by the Senate, that, 1) the Congress, on the occasion of the one hundredth anniversary of the Wounded Knee Massacre of December 29, 1890, hereby acknowledges the historical significance of this event as the last armed conflict of the Indian wars period resulting in the tragic death and injury of approximately 350-375 Indian men, women, and children of Chief Big Foot 's band of Minneconjou Sioux and hereby expresses its deep regret on behalf of the United States to the descendants of the victims
This was a huge event in history due to the fact that so many native American suffered casualties during this massacre. The book fist starts out by descrbing the massacre in it self. The author does a great way of describing the instance. Soldiers were among the west and canpedout near sandy creak. Chivington was the leader of this army who was certainly against the native American
“Over the Earth I come.” This is not a statement made in haste but a declaration of war, coming from the mouth of a Sioux warrior, a Dakota. They call him Crooked Lightning. That was the first and only true announcement about the planned uprising from the Dakota Nation. The Sioux Uprising of 1862 was appallingly deadly and destructive considering it may have been avoided if the United States had paid the Sioux their gold on time.
In the spring of 1868 an invitation was sent to various Indians of power to come to Fort Laramie to sign the new treaty. The treaty was meant to end the war, so that all could live in harmony with one another or at least that is what the Sioux were led to believe. Many of the Indians decided to sign the treaty and receive gifts, however, many including Red Cloud, refused to sign until all of the U.S. military presence was gone from their land and the fort vacated (Calloway, 2012). They made it clear tha...
Fort pillow massacre was one of the most controversial battles of the civil war. This battle was a gateway to the eventual fair treatment towards blacks. Although it was a controversial battle it helped unify the country by the end of the war. This massacre gave federalists more of a reason to fight and also gave confederates more reason to defend themselves.
One of the darkest times in American history was the conflict with the natives. A “war” fought with lies and brute force, the eviction and genocide of Native Americans still remains one of the most controversial topics when the subject of morality comes up. Perhaps one of the most egregious events to come of this atrocity was the Sand Creek Massacre. On the morning of November 29th, 1864, under the command of Colonel John Chivington, 700 members of the Colorado Volunteer Cavalry raped, looted, and killed the members of a Cheyenne tribe (Brown 86-94). Hearing the story of Sand Creek, one of the most horrific acts in American History, begs the question: Who were the savages?
On February 8th, 1968, shots were fired on a crowd of civil rights protesters and that day became known as one of the saddest days in South Carolina history. Many problems occurred in South Carolina, mostly between blacks and whites over issues about civil rights and segregation. These issues in South Carolina lasted many years and led to many events, protests, and even massacres that all resulted in sometimes very horrible outcomes but also bringing South Carolina one step further to getting rid of segregation. One horrible event that took place in the late 60’s was the Orangeburg Massacre that resulted in a few deaths and some injuries but also furthered integration in Orangeburg. In 1968, due to the conflict between civil rights protestors
Have you ever heard the term, “Don’t drink the Kool-Aid?” or “You have drank the Kool-Aid.”? Well, ”Drinking the Kool-Aid” means you have done something that others have told you to do or did yourself. This saying comes from the cult society led by Reverend Jim Jones, named Jonestown. Jonestown was a small community in the jungle of Guyana, South America. After getting word of people coming to investigate the society, Jones had committed a mass suicide by poisoning Kool-Aid and giving it to the people of Jonestown.
Chief Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull of the Sioux tribes knew of the plan and set a trap for the army regiment and killed all of them. This battle was one of the greatest victories for the Native American’s.
The Wounded Knee Massacre politically altered the relationship between American Indians and the US government with long lasting repercussions. The massacre took place roughly one hundred years before the AIM was formed , on December 29, 1890, as the last battle of the American Indian war, a massacre took place at the Lakota Pine Ridge reservation near South Dakota. The US 7th Calvary intruded upon the reservation as a means to disarm the Lakota of their rifles. It is speculated that a deaf tribal man refused to give his rifle to American authorities, in response the Calvary point blank shot the man leading to chaos as the few Lakota warriors shot out as a defense mechanism before they were quickly outnumbered. (Nelson) The definition of a massacre is a killing of many unresisting human beings under circumstances of aristocracy. The incident at Wounded Knee is...
In 1864, the Sand Creek Massacre occurred which was very brutal. Four hundred Indians were living in the area at the time and thought that they were safe from the United States Government but suddenly the government began to kill all of the Indians on the settlement. This wasn’t the only place where this happened. This was happening in almost every
In 1875, Custer had made a commitment to the Sioux (aka. Lakota) that he would no longer fight Native Americans. Custer's promise happened to take place as a U.S. Senate commission meeting was taking place with the Lakota in an effort to purchase the gold mining fields in the Black Hills (which Custer had discovered a year earlier). The Lakota rejected the senate’s offer in favor of sticking with the 1868 treaty that promised protection of their lands. In spite of this treaty, LTC Custer was used by the government to assist in the removal of the natives living in the Northern Plains (Fox, 1997).
In 1876, after a treaty dispute, President Ulysses S. Grant issued an ultimatum stating that all Native Americans had to be on the Great Sioux Reservation by January 31st. When this ultimatum was not met, the United States declared war. General Philip Sheridan, commander of the U.S. forces, planned his strategy. He was going to divide the army into three different forces that would converge at the junction of the Bighorn and Yellowstone Rivers, where they had found signs of a large Native American village. What they did not know was how large this village was. Native American Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse had joined their tribes together and Sitting Bull had called for more tribes to join theirs. Even Native Americans living on reservations were invited to join them. The American Army was expecting about 1,000 Native Americans, but there were about 12,000. The first Americans to meet the Native Americans were General Crook's force in the late spring of 1876. He clashed with the Sioux in the Battle of Rosebud. The fight was long and hard and ended in a draw. General Crook then retreated to the Bighorn Mountains without sending a scout to warn the other troops about the number of Native Americans or that he had re...