A. SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD
OBJECTIVE
Determine the in situ density of natural or compacted soils using the Sand-cone method.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Sand pouring cylinder of 3 litre/16.5 litre capacity, mounted above a pouring come and separated by a shutter cover plate
2. Tools for excavating holes; suitable tools such as scraper tool to make a level surface
3. Cylindrical calibrating container with an internal diameter of 100 mm/200 mm and an internal depth of 150 mm/250 mm fitted with a flange 50 mm/75 mm wide and about 5 mm surrounding the open end
4. Balance to weigh unto an accuracy of 1gm
5. Metal containers to collect excavated soil
6. Metal tray with 300 mm/450 mm square and 40 mm/50 mm deep with a 100 mm/200 mm diameter hole
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Determine the volume (V) of the container be filling it with water to the brim. Check this volume by calculating from the measured internal dimensions of the container.
4. Place the sand poring cylinder centrally on the of the calibrating container making sure that constant weight (W1) is maintained. Open the shutter and permit the sand to run into the container. When no further movement of sand is seen, close the shutter, remove the pouring cylinder and find its weight (W3).
Determination of Dry Density of Soil In Place
5. Approximately 60 sq cm of area of soil to be tested should be trimmed down to a level surface, approximately of the size of the container.
6. Keep the metal tray on the level surface and excavate a circular hole of volume equal to that of the calibrating container.
7. Collect all the excavated soil in the tray and find out the weight of the excavated soil (Ww).
8. Remove the tray, and place the sand pouring cylinder filled to constant weight so that the base of the cylinder covers the hole concentrically.
9. Open the shutter and permit the sand to run into the hole. Close the shutter when no further movement of the sand is seen.
10 Remove the cylinder and determine its weight
After the rinses, close the stopcock and fill the buret up to the 0.00mL line with NaOH. Quickly, open the stopcock to fill the tip of the buret and then close the stopcock. Record the initial volume of the NaOH to the nearest 0.01mL.
8. Put the closed flask into a water bath at room temperature in a 1 L beaker. Ensure that the entire flask is covered. If the flask begins to float, clamp it down. Put the temperature probe in the water bath. Using a pipet, add some boiling water from the hot plate to the water bath until the temperature of the water bath increases by 3 °C. Use the temperature probe to stir the water bath. Once pressure and temperature measurements stop changing, keep the data. Record the air pressure and vapor pressure for this temperature.
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A sampling port for measurement of the sediment concentration was located at 12.7 cm (5 in) from the bottom of the cylinder.
In my experiment, I will use an overall volume of 50 cm³ of 2moles of
3. Add on of the following volumes of distilled water to the test tube, as assigned by your teacher: 10.0mL, 15.0mL, 20.0mL, 25.0mL, 30.0mL. (If you use a graduated cylinder, remember to read the volume from the bottom of the water meniscus. You can make more a more accurate volume measurement using either a pipette or a burette.)
seed beater that was made of twined openwork baketry (Taylor 56). To store or to place any
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Take the triple beam balance and put the bob of the pendulum on the pan to measure the mass. Make sure the markings start at zero. Ensure that the mass stays constant through the experiment.
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Height of sand, compression Flatten or compress the sand back to how it was, as accurately as possible, by using a flat surface. Research Question How does the height of the drop affect the depth of the sand? Hypothesis As the height of the drop for the ball increases, the measured depth of the sand will increase. This is because the ball will have more time to accelerate at 9.8ms-¹, and therefore have more momentum, creating a larger impact on the sand each time the height of the drop is raised.
Hydrometer test is needed as more than 10 % of soil sample passes the 63 µ m sieve (BS 1377-2:1990). It covers the quantitative determination of the particle size distribution in a soil from coarse sand size to clay size. Particles settle under gravity during testing (Head, 1984). The results of hydrometer analysis can be referred to Appendix C1. The calibrations which used in the hydrometer analysis and water viscosity are shown in Appendix C2 and Appendix C3.
Add 15mL of 6N sulfuric acid to a 125mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 105mL of deionized water (preparing approximately 0.75N sulfuric acid). Obtain a sample of the unknown. Weight the vial and contents accurately on an analytical balance. Handle the vial with a small strip of paper to reduce the risk of error (due to added weight). Pour about half of the sample into a clean dry 200mL Erlenmeyer flask and weight again. Use the remaining half of the sample to get a second weight of around 0.6g-0.7g. Make sure the vial is capped on every weight taken.