Ruby crowned kinglet is known to live for quite a few years. The minimum recorded longevity for ruby-crowned kinglets is 4 years and 7 months which was captured at its second year of life. A female ruby crowned kinglet which was captured on January 7th 2003 in California and was released into the wild and was encounter again on January 5th 2007 also in California (8). They are not usually kept in captivity, when captured they are band and released into the wild. Ruby-crowned kinglets play a role in our ecosystem by helping to control pest population and eating insects. Many of the insects they eat are considered pests to humans (9). They also eat casebearers an invasive insect species, which may be harmful to certain plants. There are no …show more content…
Sometime, they are effected with some diseases that they carry which eventually leads to their death. They are preyed on by large birds and small mammals, for example the eastern-screech owls, gray jays, sharp-shinned hawks, common grackles, merlins, and red squirrels(9). In addition, gray jays are known to eat their eggs and red squirrels sometimes destroy their nests. Ruby-crowned kinglets are also harmed by the thorns of certain plants, such as greenbrier. Likewise, the sticky seeds of beggar's lice may attach to their feathers. Sometimes, Brown-headed cowbirds occasionally lay their eggs in ruby-crowned kinglets nest, but they usually choose to lay their eggs in the nests of larger birds. During migration, they encounter a lot of obstacles, both natural and man-made obstacles on the way. This leads to die-offs on the way, because most of them collide on high raised glass buildings, glass doors and windows. Deforestation is also affecting them, because the live in the wild and some of the tall trees where they build their nest are being demolished and used for domestic purposes. This may be the reason behind the decline in population for New Jersey. As we see from the total bird count in New Jersey (Fig 7) is declining. This graph obtained from the North American Breeding Bird Survey 1996 – 2013 Analysis show that
The gall is made of plant tissue but aspects of genetically coded stimulus from the insect makes the gall from the normal plant tissue (Abrahamson, 1989). The gall can be many different sizes in diameter. Survival depends on the gall size, the smaller the galls means that the larvae is vulnerable to parasitoid oviposition, but when the galls are larger they are more likely to be attacked by avian predators (Abrahamson, 1989). Gallmaker enemies can influence the survival of individual gallmakers. The natural enemies of the gallmakers can have a potential effect and alter gallmaker traits for other generations if survivorship varies (Abrahamson, 1989). This study wanted to know three things, how many gallmakers there are as well as how many natural enemies there are, and to what extent of the goldenrod fly mortality was due to insect and bird enemies listed above. They also wanted to know what gall size did these natural enemies prefer and what kind of
Basic Scientific Knowledge on the Topic: Before exploring further research into the topic of the goldenrod gallfly Eurosta solidaginis, the current knowledge on the research topic must be explored. The goldenrod gallfly Eurosta solidaginis is a parasite on goldenrod plants (D. Crowe, personal communication, 2013). Very small (approximately five millimeters), the adult flies are very clumsy and are very poor fliers. Adult goldenrod gallflies live for approximately two weeks, making their life all about reproduction. The adult female fly is identified by their ovipositor, which is an egg-laying tube that extends from their body (Abrahamson and Heinrich, 2000). In order to protect their larvae, the adult female flies oviposit the eggs into the stem of the goldenrod plant Solidago altissima. While the females may lay several eggs per goldenrod stem, each plant usually ends up with one surviving larva in one gall. Once born, the fly larvae hatch from their eggs and begin eating the inside of the goldenrod stem. The larvae emit a chemical in their saliva which mimics a plant hormone that causes the plant to grow a gall in which the larvae live (Abrahamson and Heinrich, 2000). The larvae stay in the gall and then make an escape tunnel in the fall which they will utilize in the spring. The gallfly larvae produce a natural anti-freeze chemical in their bodies known as glycerol which helps to keep them alive in the winter by drying out the outside body tissues and allowing it to freeze while keeping the central cells liquid. Once spring does arrive, the larvae transform into a pupa and they finally become a winged adult.
Monarch Butterflies and Butterfly Weed, a type of milkweed, have coevolved as plant and pollinator. This means that they both rely on one another to survive. Milkweed is the primary source of nutrition for monarchs. Monarchs only eat Asclepias tuberosa a particular species of Milkweed. The monarch relies on toxins in the milkweed to fend off predators such as birds. The toxic tendencies of the milkweed plants caused the government to attempt o eradicated the plant along roadsides and in cow pastures. This has caused a major decline in population of milkweed, which is also endangering monarchs. Milkweed relies on the monarch to pollinate it so that it can reproduce.
...ed, J. M., Walters, J. R., Emigh, T. E., and Seaman, D. E. 1993. Effective population size in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: population and model differences. Conservation Biology. 7(2):302-308.
Cocroft, Reginald B. 2002. Antipredator Defense as a Limited Resourse: Unequal Predation Risk and Broods of an Insect With Maternal Care. Behavioral Ecology, 13, 1, 125-133.
While driving On Rte10 through the town of Hamden what seems to be an ordinary ride can become a scenic view of our nation’s bird. On a tall skinny Birch tree over 40 ft in the air is lives a bald eagle in its natural habitat. In this nest lives a male adult and female adult with an Eaglet. The nest is located in a farming open field along a river bank. This field and river provides the eagles with a source of food. The eagles mostly eat fish, the adult eagle will swoop down to the water and grab a fish all in one motion flying the meal back to the nest to feed its family. The field is posted to prevent people from ruining the habitat, since the natural reproduction of this eagle is very important to its recovery from being endangered. I was able to view this community form the road and was able to watch the nest and occasionally watch the adult eagle fly away most likely looking for food to feed his family. The nest form my view was huge at least 3 feet in diameter perched up about 40 ft high on a birch tree. The surrounding area of the nest was clear of any branches or trees creating a clear access way for the birds to land. Below the nest was a large open field on the bank of an active river.
Brian May and Roger Taylor, in 1970, set the wheels in motion for Queen when they decided to form a band during their college years. Queen started out as a band called Smile who signed with Mercury Records, and included: Tim Staffell, Brian May, and Roger Taylor. Once Tim Staffell left, the group added Freddie Mercury (lead singer) and bassist John Deacon. Freddie Mercury, Farrokh Bulsara, was a fan of Smile and was added on as the lead vocalist. John Deacon began as a young guitarist who was a member of the group called The Opposition. This band was composed of a group of friends, and they were influenced by groups such as The Hollies and Herman’s Hermits. Eventually, Deacon was added to the group that already included Mercury, Taylor, and May. Over time, the group changed their name to Queen. The name Queen was selected by Mercury, and this name is symbolic of power and regality. The addition of Mercury proved to be an essential aspect to the history of Queen’s success. In Queen: The Early Years, Hodkinson writes, “much of what made Freddie also defined Queen: without him they were merely a model rock band with a bent for a commercial tune” (2). The group became well known for their theatrical performances and costumes that were often over the top. “From their international breakthrough in 1976, Queen continually remained one of the best-selling rock acts worldwide beyond Mercury's death in 1991. Their total record sales are estimated at up to 300 million records” (Desler 391). This group was important to the evolution of music and music performance in bands that were to follow them.
Loggerhead turtles are becoming endangered more and more often. Not many people understand the dangers that these turtles are in, especially when the females are nesting. Nesting takes an important role in the lives of these turtles and is an amazing process that occurs during the season. Unfortunately, many factors disturb the process of these hatching eggs. This paper explains these factors in depth to educate the audience about the dangers involved in loggerhead nesting. Light pollution, natural disasters, and predators are described and explained as to why they affect the process of nesting. Many organizations are trying to share their knowledge on these loggerhead-nesting dangers with people and are trying to help keep the loggerheads alive.
Peairs, Leonard Marion. Insect Pests of Farm, Garden, and Orchard. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1941.
The monarch butterfly, as known as Danaus plexippus, is often called the milkweed butterfly because its larvae eat the milkweed plant. They are also sometimes called "royalty butterflies" because their family name comes from the daughter of Danaus, ruler of Argos. There are many other interesting facts about this butterfly including its anatomy and life cycle, where the butterfly lies on the food chain, the migration from Canada to Mexico, why the butterfly is being threatened, and lastly, what is being done to help the butterfly.
The year is 2200 and the world has been officially declared as being devoid of all insect life. A combination of extreme climate change, chemical warfare and general environmental degradation has resulted in a mass die out of the entire insect population. Unsurprisingly this has had a major effect on all other forms of life ranging from aquatic to terrestrial. Some species have experienced a significant decline in population size and others have had to completely adapt new behaviors to survive. However, there are some that have largely benefitted from this insect free world.
Within Shakespeare’s play Richard II there are many questionable and untrusting characters. Truth and duty are only illusions within the play. Lust for power and control override the order of England and its ordained king. It’s believed that it is by the will of God that Richard is king. No mortal man can come between what God has set before them as rule. The final decision is God’s and the only way that God’s choice can be changed is by God himself, and no one else. God takes the Garden of Eden from Adam, and like Adam, England is taken from Richard. It is questionable if Bolingbroke acts against God’s will or through God’s will. Richard is king, and though a sad choice, he has been ordained by God as king and ruler of England. It is not for his followers to decide if he is to be replaced by someone that they feel would be a better caretaker of the “garden';. In Richard II , by overtaking the crown and replacing Richard with Bolingbroke, society is going against its own belief that Richard is ordained by God. From an Englishman’s point of view it could be argued that God is somewhat responsible for the state that England is in, because they believe Richard was chosen by God. Within Richard II , God is believed to be forsaken so that England can become a great kingdom again, and this is done in hope that Richard’s wrongs can be made right by Bolingbroke.
1. What is the difference between a. and a. How does the kissing bug (e.g., Rhodnius sp. , Triatoma dimidiate ) locate its human prey? The kissing bug ventures forth in search of the blood meal it takes from humans or sleeping pets. The bugs emerge while the inhabitants are sleeping “Due to these bugs tend to feed on people’s faces”.
Once upon a time in the Kingdom of Dweven there was a princess, her name was Amelia. Amelia had just turned 21 and it was time for her to wed. Amelia was not your run-of-the-mill princess; she was sly, clever and cunning. Instead of just hosting a ball to find a proper suitor she decided to put eligible princes through an evaluation. She gathered ten princes from different kingdoms and invited to stay at her castle to compete for her hand in marriage. The ten princes were, Alexander, Baudouin, Casmir, James, Magnus, Philip, Leopold, Marius, Peter and Samuel. Some of the princes had good intentions while some didn’t.
Insects are the most diverse group of organisms on the planet. They occupy most of the habitat in the world. Insects have served as a model group of organisms for tackling many biological queries. Butterflies (Class: Insecta; Order: Lepidoptera) have been used as a model for studies on ecology, development and population dynamics. Most of the species are highly seasonal and some have very restricted habitats. Butterflies are good indicators of climate and help us understand fluctuations in seasonal changes. They require specific ecological conditions for their growth and development. Monitoring butterflies helps us understand the overall diversity of a habitat as they are directly dependent on other factors such as availability of host plants and nectar plants. They also play a very significant role in