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Critique of RELIGIOUS pluralism
Critique of RELIGIOUS pluralism
Critique of RELIGIOUS pluralism
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Ronald Nash is the author of Is Jesus the Only Savior?. In Chapters 1-6, he examines the issues of pluralism and exclusivism in a comprehensive fashion. Even in the preface, there is found important information: He addresses important terms needed when one is discussing the divinity of Jesus Christ and ensures that the reader understands just what the terms “pluralism” and “exclusivism” mean. He also examines various beliefs concerning Christ and His claims of divinity. As this book is intended to address these beliefs, Nash appropriately establishes from the very beginning what the basic forms of these beliefs are. To make a simple review of the subject matter, pluralism is the belief that one has many paths by which to reach God. Conversely, …show more content…
According to Nash, Hick believed in pluralism all along and constructed his own arguments in order to support his theories. Nash reveals how Hick used the Copernican Revolution to support his views. Nash states that Hick “reached a point in his life where he rejected Christian exclusivism. ” Nash believes that Hick used this as a means to come to the conclusion that Jesus Christ must not be the only savior and that He must be one of many pathways to God. Nash strengthens his refutation of Hick’s beliefs by pointing out that Hick’s opinions on pluralism were inconsistent. This seems to indicate that Hick’s argument lacks credibility as he does change his mind on a whim. Nash indicates, though does not outright state, that Hick lacks credibility due to his being easily swayed. Hick’s credibility in theology is also called into question by the fact that he uses scripture to back up his opinion rather than drawing his opinion from scripture. Again, while Nash does not outright address this, such an approach leaves the reader feeling that Hick’s approach is backward and contrary to …show more content…
Hick does not believe that Christ was truly incarnated. Hick’s position indicates that he believes the incarnation story is not meant to be taken literally, as if the incarnation of Christ is meant only as a metaphor for a relative truth. The analogy that Nash includes from Hick is almost laughable. He likes the incarnation to “the story of a man in love who declares that his Helen is the sweetest and prettiest girl in the whole world. ” Clearly this is not a strong argument to make against Jesus Christ not being literally incarnated but he does this to attempt to illustrate that truth is only relative and not absolute. Conversely, Hick maintains that the incarnation was not a historical event that actually happened. Hick’s position is that the incarnation is a relative truth that only applies to Christians who truly believe that believe in Jesus Christ as Lord. Hick seems to think that Christians only believe in the literal incarnation as a means to make their belief real to them as opposed to the incarnation being truly real for all
Coherence is an essential part of the theist’s belief structure. The individual arguments when joined collectively hold just that, coherence. While individually they do not point to evidence together they do. This coherence forms a basis of truth, supporting each other in their claim and not contradicting them. In this manner they establish truth where facts are lacking. If we examine independently the arguments presented by McCloskey they too lack adequacy to establish the nonexistence of God.
Religious tolerance and religious pluralism have many different definitions, depending on the person’s interpretation of the word and where the person gets the definition. Every person of every faith and the people without a faith can have a different definition for tolerance and for pluralism. Diana L. Eck, the director of The Pluralism Project at Harvard University, gives a clear definition for pluralism. Pluralism is a two way street of dialogue, knowledge, understanding, and active participation (Eck 2 “From Diversity”). Pluralism is not meant to be an assimilation of religions or that a person of any faith has to believe all religious paths are true. Religious Tolerance is the continuous congruent relations betw...
Each man trying to correct from within were pushed further and outward away from the goal of unity. We would have a different story if it were only one man who rejected the idea of the Church being one with the world. The individual would have been marked as the antichrist. Instead, we see a few men take a stand for what they felt was the truth, which we had strayed. Noted, Campbell has seen the destruction with takes place when man messes with God’s desire for gathering of the Church. Campbell states, “What awful and distressing effects have those sad divisions produced! What aversions, what reproaches, what backbitings, what evil surmisings, what angry contentions, what enmities, what excommunications, even persecution!!!” (Campbell and Thomas) Campbell’s biggest fight was pulling back the reigns of the world. Campbell extends ejecting all human creeds that cause divisions among Christians. He states, “… for their faith must not stand in the wisdom of men, but in the power and veracity of God. Therefore, no such deductions can be made terms of communion, but do properly belong to the after and progressive edification of the Church. Hence, it is evident that no such deductions or inferential truths ought to have a place in the Church’s confession.” (Campbell and Thomas) Reaching out to across all divisions, Campbell has to be unprejudiced. “That although the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are inseparably connected, making together but one perfect and entire revelation of the Divine will, for the edification and salvation of the Church, and therefore in that respect cannot be separated.” “From the nature and construction of these propositions, it will evidently appear, that they are laid in a designed subserviency to the declared end of our association; and are exhibited for the express purpose of performing a duty of pervious necessity, a duty loudly called for in
As the world becomes increasingly more interconnected, differences among the many religions prove to be obstacles to the global society. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, religious authorities propose the essential sameness of all religions (that all religions point towards the same goal); however, this hypothesis oversimplifies all religions to an arbitrary base. On the other hand, Stephen Prothero’s, the author of God Is Not One, proposal for the acknowledgment of the differences preserves the multidimensional aspects of religions. By rejecting the hypothesis of a basic and similar structure of religion, Prothero allows for them to exist as complete entities; however, Prothero also creates false barriers that over differentiate religions.
One of the main principles of Christianity is the belief in both the divinity and humanity of Jesus, that these two natures are combined harmoniously in one being. In general, all modern Christians believe that Jesus was human, he was considered to be “The Word was made flesh” (John, I: 14). However, Jesus was more than just a human, despite being subjected to pain, suffering and death like all other human beings, he was sinless and also possessed the power to heal and to defy death in order to ascend, both body and spirit, into heaven. He was all man and all God, a combination of these two elements, remaining distinct but united in one being. The deity of Jesus is a non-negotiable belief in Christianity, which is referred to in many parts of scripture, “God was revealed in the flesh” (I Timothy, 3:16). The Christian faith does not perceive Jesus as God but rather a reincarnation of God, a mysterious deity who is the second person of the Holy Trinity. Throughout history, controversy has surrounded the issue of the humanity and divinity of Jesus, leading to the formation of Docetism, the belief that Jesus was fully divine but not fully human, Arianism, that Jesus was superior to all of creation, but less divine than God, and Nestorius, that there were two separate persons within Jesus. This the proportion of the divine and human within Je...
In conclusion, McCloskey attempted to defeat the cosmological and teleological argument and tried to persuade the readers to embrace the view of atheism. That there is no God and that this life is the only one a person can have. He tried influencing people by asking why a perfect God make an imperfect world. Or why did God not make humans to choose the right decision automatically, so that they can avoid suffering? However, in the end, although his arguments are sound and he made very reasonable points. The facts remain that there must be something out there that made the universe and that has created us complex beings. This same being must have be able to give man the choice to make his own decision, even if it were the wrong one. There is only one possible being that could do that and that is none other than God.
Hick, John. Disputed Questions in Theology and the Philosophy of Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. Print.
The first part of the book begins by Wright telling the readers a little about himself and his thoughts on how people, including the church, overlook Jesus and belittles his reign. Early on, Wright discusses that the purpose of the book is to retell Jesus’ message, but in a way that it filters out the worldly explanation we have come to know. In fact, if we are to know just who Jesus was, we need to know the culture, attitudes, and assumptions of the first century Palestine. It becomes apparent in this section of the book that Wright uses liberal and conservative approaches to define Christians in this modern day. Conservative Christians believe God intervenes, while liberal Christians believe that God allows innate human development. In this part of the book Wright discusses the ‘perfect storm’ – which is found out to be three-sided. A storm in the west is created by the growing power of the Roman Empire, who politically reigned over the people in the Israel. Another storm brewed in the east, says Wright, the Israelites who have been in search of the return of God to their people. Lastly, a hurricane approached as well, which will be discussed in the next chapter. Throughout the first part of the book, it seems, Wright establishes that God did set up his kingdom in Israel and the world throu...
Pluralism is the idea that rather than punish the author of bigoted words, but criticize the bigoted ideas while believe that even one racist makes the society racist and that bigotry will not be tolerated whatsoever. Pluralism believes that, “There will always be some racists. Marginalize them, ignore them, exploit them, ridicule them, take pains to make their policies illegal, but otherwise leave them alone” (Rauch 574). This line of thinking resonates with me and I wish it was a possibility in our society today but it’s not. Racism is still rampant in America, and there are not just “some” racists. They’re everywhere and many of them control many institutions in this country. I can’t find myself fully committing to the idea of pluralism until we get to the place of where only a small percentages of Americans are racist, but we’re not there
Pluralism comes from the political system that focuses on shared power among interest groups and competing factions.# A pluralistic society contains groups that have varying interests and backgrounds, including those of ethnic, religious, and political nature.# Differences like these are to be encouraged, with overall political and economic power being maintained. When a number of people, all sharing a common interest are threatened, a group is involuntarily formed in order to defend against competing interests.
Incarnation means “in flesh”. So the incarnation of Christ means that Christ took the form of human flesh and walked the earth. He experienced the same
The author of this book, Lee Strobel, struggled for almost two years, sometimes jumping from one issue or topic to another and then back again, investigating the facts of Jesus for himself. He traces his journey from skepticism to faith.
Ronald Nash’s book Is Jesus the Only Savior? seeks to explain or shed light on this question that has puzzled many in previous generations as well as ours. The resounding answer that comes forth from his arguments is “yes,” Jesus is the only savior of humankind. He starts by taking into account the three schools of thought associated with this controversial question. These are Pluralism, Inclusivism, and Exclusivism. The first six chapters of the book deals with Pluralism, which can be said to be the belief that all major world religions are equal and there is no religion that is superior to the other. Pluralism also emphasizes that all these religions lead to salvation and to God. In the last five chapters of the book, Nash deals with Inclusivism, which entails the belief that one religion is paramount but salvation is possible through other religions. However, all through the book, Nash sets up a strong argument in favor of Exclusivism, which is the belief that salvation can only be found through one religion. It states that one religion is superior to the others . The religion that exclusivists mostly refer to is Christianity, and they base their arguments on Christ’s statement that “I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life” found in John 14:6.
In the following essay I will attempt to attack John H. Hick's view of verification, and how it can be processed within steps. I will expand on how religion, and everything that is contained within it, can't be verified at all. Although Hick discussed the problems of verification in Chapter 8 "The Problems of Verification" in Philosophy of Religion, he lacked discussion on crucial elements, discussing the problem of verifying religion as a whole.
Lutzer, Erwin. The Doctrines That Divide: a Fresh Look at the Historic Doctrines That Separate Christians. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1998.