Rice is the major cereal consumed in almost all parts of the world. Bran oil is used as the fuel which is obtained from the Rice bran. Rice Bran is the middle part between the paddy husk and the endosperm. Bran consists of only 15-20% of the oil. RBO is similar to groundnut oil (GNO) in fatty acid composition which contains 36% linoleic acid. Edible grade rice bran oil was performed for the experiment. The methods involved for the extraction of Rice bran oil are as follows: (1) Solvent extraction of fresh Rice bran (2) Dewaxing the crude oil by miscella phase (3) double solvent miscella refining using hexane and isopropanol (4) distillation and recovery of dewaxed neutral RBO (5) bleaching under vacuum (6) deodorization at 200°C and absolute …show more content…
The esterified fuel contains more cetane number than that of the diesel fuel. This induces a good combustion characteristic in the fuel and which in turn reduces the emission of hydrocarbons in the exhaust. The vegetable oil contains more oxygen which results in the better combustion of the fuel and which turn reduces the emission in the exhaust. The variation of the Brake Horse Power with different load conditions indicate that the rice bran oil increase in the power output due to the increase in the oxygen content of the fuel which results in the better combustion of the fuel. The brake specific fuel consumption of the fuel is slightly higher than that of the diesel fuel [3]. It indicates that as the load in the engine increases the fuel consumption decreases. The brake specific fuel consumption of the rice bran oil decreases at full load conditions when compared with the diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiency also increases when the load of the engine increases. It is slightly higher than that of the diesel fuel due to the increase in the oxygen content of the
The ecologists are of the opinion that the racing industry is an unnecessary burden for the society, that it does not serve any purpose. But the fact is that the racing industry is just like any other industry that is driven by diesel fuels like car manufacturing and airplane development. If these two consumer goods are considered an important part of human technological innovation, there is no need to sideline the racing industry. On the basis of this, we can also say that using biofuels for racing is preposterous because the biofuels cannot give the thrust that the racing cars need in order to compete. Biofuels are not of high-octane in nature; diesel fuels are. Biofuel cannot be characterized as an energy rich fuel. Using biofuel instead of diesel fuel will negatively impact the performance of racing cars, leading to heavy losses for the racing industry (The Royal Society 08).
In the essay " Rice for Thanksgiving " by Jocelyn Fong who is a full american, partial asian young girl is a young girl who admires her untraditional thanksgiving, and meaning. Fong loves thanksgiving, due to her Grand mothers special dish " Rice and Gravy " as said in the essay Her Grandmother always celebrated the American way, She even never got around to teaching Fong's father their native language. " I believe in rice and gravy, I am half Asian and completely American. " by Fong saying that, she completely accepts the mix she is by referring to the mix of food that is a tradition. You should celebrate holidays the way it makes you happy, with your very own culture regardless the fact if it is different.
Soup Joumou is a delicious famous spicy soup native to Haitian Cuisine. Soup Joumou is traditionally consumed on New Year’s Day. It’s a historical tribute to Haitian Independence when we got are independence from the French in 1804. The process of making this soup is not easy and it takes one hour to two hours for it to be complete.
The diesel engines combustion process is a little different than the typical gasoline engine. A couple main things that diesel engines have that gasoline engines do not are, carburetors and spark plugs. Unlike a gasoline engine, air is first allowed into the cylinder rather than a fuel and air mixture. Once the air is compressed it creates a source of heat, then a mist of fuel is injected to start the combustion process which then creates the energy. Since diesel engines do not have spark plugs they are able to take in larger amount of fuel, this obviously means there will be more power and will guarantee better efficiency. Another thing that is very important is that diesel tends to be a better lubricant than gasoline, being that it is a better lubricant there will be less friction which will generally increase the life of the engine (Woodford). Diesel engines operate at slower speeds than gasoline engines, therefore diesel engines tend to have longer lifespans than gasoline
In order to understand the importance of the function of dietary fiber in the diet of monogastric animals, one must first understand dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is the sum of all plant derived carbohydrates that are indigestible to digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of mammals. The simplest definition of dietary fiber is that it is composed of plant derived polysaccharides that are not degraded by digestive enzymes in the small intestine of monogastric animals (Urriola, 2016; Hunag et al., 2016). The variation of ingredients in overall dietary fiber including crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and the total dietary fiber content are what create the physiological affect in the diet of monogastrics’ such as the pig.
Starting this experiment, we knew that the extraction was going to form varies layers due to the density differences. When placing three different substances, we saw that two layers formed because the Clove Oil is soluble in MTBE, but not in water. In order, to get the organic layer we used separatory funnel to take out the excess substances and leave the oil layer. Then we transferred to a beaker and dried with Magnesium Sulfate. Lastly, we filtered the liquid using funnel; we placed the liquid to boil, let it cool to room temperature. The purpose of drying and evaporation is to help us with the Gas Chromatography analysis of the product.
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
The seed constituents i.e., proteins, starch, non- starch carbohydrates, lipids and other small molecules determines the processing quality of wheat. The protein content and types determine the end product quality like bread, biscuit, cake, chapatti and noodles etc. Wheat grains can generally be classified as having either a soft or hard endosperm texture. Soft grains are usually used for making biscuits whereas hard grains are used for pan-breads and pasta (Moss, 1973).
Fuel your day with a delicious spread that is part of a complete breakfast. With many essential ingredients for maintaining a healthy diet, why would two mothers from California file a lawsuit against this breakfast spread (7)? The breakfast spread they have been feeding their children, although seemingly beneficial, has the nutritional values of a candy bar. However, Nutella continues to contribute to Ferrero family’s net-worth of over $26 billion (10).
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
Lignin is the substance that makes plants “woody.” The name lignin originates from the Latin noun “lignum” that means “wood.” Most plants, but not all contain lignin. Lignin found within lignified plants differ in distribution among the parts of the plant, as well as different species of plants (Harkin1969). Lignin is the generic term for a large group of polymers. These polymers accumulate within secondarily thickened walls, making them rigid and resistant. Lignin evolved when plants began adapoting to terrestrial life. Lignin was needed to provide them with structural support that is needed for erect growth. Recent studies have shown the presence of lignin in the marine red alga, Calliarthron, which diverged from vascular plants more than one billion years ago (Vanholme et al. 2010). Lignin is a major component of the cell wall in vascular plants and provides support for plants to stand upright and enables the xylem to withstand negative pressure during water transport. Although lignin is significant for plant growth, this component can negatively affect humans. The presence of lignin limits access to cell wall polysaccharides and can affect humans by its use in livestock feed, lignocellulosic biofuel production, and paper manufacturing. Because of lignin’s significance in plant and human life, it is one of the most extensively studied subjects in biochemistry (Chapple and Li 2010).
This increase in production caused a change at the consumption end. When sugar was first being produced it was seen as a luxury product only accessible to the rich, but then as its production increased and there was a surge amount in the market place its uses changed. It went from being a specialized product used for medicinal, ritual, or for display purposes to a common everyday food substitute. Now the working class people began more than ever to consume large quantities of sugar as a substitute to their calorie lacking diet. The production of sugar in the British West Indies was not able to keep pace with the demands from the mother country. When the supply from the British West Indies increased so did England’s demand for the crop. It seemed like from the middle of the eighteen century onward the islands were never able to produce more sugar than what was consumed by the people in the mother country. “English sugar consumption increased about four-fold in the last four decades of the eighteenth century, 1700-40, and more than doubled again from 1741-45 to 1771-75 (Mintz 1985) . As the English began to incorporate more amounts of sugar into their daily diets they began to find multiple uses of the commodity. Sugar soon developed into a stable product in the lives of people. With the increased use of sugar in multiple forms of consumption it changed from its previous classification as a spice to its own separate category. The use of this newly popular commodity did not lose any popularity as the years passed. Britain became a leading exporter of sugar crops into the world market, with majority of the supply going to feed their own peoples ravenous appetite. In 1800 British consumption of sugar had increased some 2,500 percent in...
Did you have any food obsessions as a kid, and eat the same thing continually ?
Sorghum bicolor (L.), often referred to as grain sorghum, is a grain of global importance (Anderson et al. 1949), because it is a rich source for food, feed, and fuel (Wang et al. 2008). Sorghum ranks fifth in the world for produced cereal crops. In areas that are frost-free, grain sorghum is a very important and economical crop. Sorghum was introduced in North America from the tropical regions of Africa in 1853. It is a very hardy crop that can grow in very tough environments. Sorghum is mainly planted in regions around that world that experience hot and dry conditions. In areas where corn is not very adapted, sweet sorghum is often a better alternative renewal fuel source (SSEA 2014). Sorghum acres have increased over the past 50 years, and the worldwide area of sorghum being planted has risen to 66% (Stroade et al. 2013). The southern US sorghum production often has damage occur from the sorghum headworm complex that consist of two larval pests that included: the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Teetes et al. 2000).