RHEOLOGY
Rheology is an experimental phenomenon which study the behaviour of different continuous physical parameter, by which we can determine the mechanical properties of material. Basically rheology creates a relationship between deformations when there is some applied force
Goal of rheology is to find out the relationship between various observable parameter controlled by the mechanics of the material. And develop a relationship between the internal structure change and the applied external force or the structural and compositional change after the deformation is over.
Newton’s law of viscosity
It state that, when a shear stress is applied to a fluid, the velocity that it yields in the direction perpendicular to the stress is proportional to the applied stress. Those liquid obeys newton’s law of
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stress. Or more clearly stress is directly proportional to the deformation. Those solid obey Hook’s law of elasticity is known as Hookian solid.
Visco-elastic behaviour
Some of the material do obey the solid like as well as liquid like properties up to a limited range of deformation. This superposition of elastic and viscous flow behaviour is called viscoelastic behaviour. And this is the matter of concern in this project.
Rheological equation of state:
It is the relationship between stress acting at a point and deformation occurring as a result of their action. The relation between stress and deformation for a particular type of viscoelastic material is called the rheological equation of state.
RHEOLOGICAL MODELS:
There are many models which are purely practical and selective for some material. By which we can know the relationship between viscosity, shear stress, and strain relationship. Some of the important models are describe below.
Cross model:
The cross model is given by the Cross equation and can be written
They just forgot to mention the other effects of fluids in nature. “The influence of the fluid on a body moving through it depends not only on the body’s velocity but also on the velocity of the fluid,” this is called relative velocity ( ). The relative velocity of a body in a fluid has an effect on the magnitude of the acting forces. For example, as a long distance runner is running into a head wind, the force of the fluid is very strong. If the runner is running with the help of a tail wind, the current’s force is reduced and may even be unnoticeable.
Elastic strain region at small and big end of connecting rod is shown in figure no. 10. The maximum and minimum equivalent strain values are 0.00033975 and 2.1407e-10 respectively. Due to applied pressure there will be change in original dimensions of the connecting rod and hence strain developed can be
Newton's Laws can be found in the textbook, Physics for Scientists and Engineers by Serway.
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extends at a directly proportional rate to the increase in force on the spring. This is because every material has an elastic limit which is the percentage of extension a piece of material can be stretched to. and still return to its original form. As the magnitude of extension
contains for stresses; there is a strong caesura in the middle of the lines and
In analyzing the force associated with a certain spring, whether it is in you pen or under your truck, Hooke’s Law applies.
On a more scientific note I am interested in mechanics of fluids. This interest was enforced last year when I had the opportunity to attend a lecture on fluid mechanics at P&G. At the conference I greatly expanded my knowledge regarding the physical aspect of fluids and their properties. In last year's AS course we have met a topic in this field. I will be applying ideas and knowledge gathered from last year for this investigation.
The acceleration of a body or object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the body or object and is inversely proportional to its mass. (F=ma)(Newman)
Gastrulation is one of the most important phases in the life of multicellular organisms. Blastula, a single layered cell structure converts into trilaminar structure with three layers, known as gastrula. The word ‘gastrula’ means stomach, since stomach (archenteron) is the first thing formed during gastrulation.
Within the andragogical model described by Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (2015), adults need learning experiences that are different than those found in the pedagogical model. Instead of waiting for experiences that are directed and controlled by a teacher, adults need to have a clear rationale and understanding for the learning, feel past experiences are valuable, and have a developed internal system for motivation in order to help a learning experience be successful. The connection and orientation to the learning task, the readiness to learn, and self-concept are other important ideas to adult learning.
Wettability can be defined as the extent of intimate contact between liquid and solid. Many factors may affect the wettability like melting temperature, pre heating temperature, reinforcement material, amount, size, stirring speed, stirring time etc. Poor wettability can deteriorate the mechanical properties, wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance of the material. For better load transfer, the wettability of particle should be high (Prabu et al., 2006).
Sir Isaac Newton is the man well known for his discoveries around the term, Motion. He came up with three basic ideas, called Newton’s three laws of motion.
It can show the critical area where structures bend or twist and also can visualize the distribution of stresses and displacements (Miodrag Skolowich, 2006).
Experimental Mechanics involves the experimental investigations of the static and dynamic response of structures and machines, and in the development of improved techniques to obtain and analyze experimental data.