House of Bourbon The House of Bourbon is a European dynasty which began in the late 13th century. Being a royal house, it was a lineage of Bourbon family members who ruled over various kingdoms in Europe, and descendants of the line still exist today. It originated in France as a branch of the Capetian Dynasty, and also expanded to Spain and Italy. The dynasty's original fortress, Château de Bourbon-l'Archambault (Castle of Bourbon-l'Archambault), still exists today in the Allier department of France, albeit largely destroyed. The royal family line began when Robert of Clermont, son of French King Louis IX, married the heiress of Bourbon known as Beatrice of Burgundy in 1272. This deemed Robert of Clermont the founder of the Bourbon dynasty. …show more content…
Meanwhile, France was being ruled by descendants of Hugh Capet, who was the first King of the Franks. However, this changed when Henry of Navarre became the first Bourbon--rather than Capetian--king of France, earning the name Henry IV. He took the throne after King Henry III was assassinated in 1589. Henry IV was born in the Kingdom of Navarre as the son of Antoine de Bourbon, also known as Antoine of Nevarre, who was a descendant of King Louis IX after nine generations. Henry IV's mother was Jeanne d'Albret, the Kingdom of Navarre's queen and niece of King Francis I of France. Henry IV's son and grandson, Louis XIII and Louis XIV respectively, succeeded him as king and their descendants ruled France for the next few centuries, aside from during the French Revolution and Napolenic era in the years 1792-1814. The Bourbon dynasty first gained rule over Spain in the year 1700 when Philip V, Louis XIV's grandson, became king. As a result, Philip V is considered the founder of the Spanish branch of the House of Bourbon. The throne was willed to him by his grand-uncle, King Charles II of Spain, who did not have any children to succeed …show more content…
This time period is known as the Bourbon Restoration. The first member of the House of Bourbon to rule France after Napoleon's exile was Louis XVIII. In Spain's case, rather than gain a new king, Ferdinand VII instead ruled again. There was another event after the Bourbon Restoration began in which the Bourbons faced a dilemma. Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from exile in 1815 and forced all French members of the House of Bourbon to flee France. This time period is known as the "Hundred Days". Fortunately, Napoleon was defeated once again and all Bourbon kings were able to return to their rule. Now, France is ruled by a president rather than a king, and so the country is no longer ruled by the Bourbon dynasty. Spain eventually had a time period during which it wasn't ruled by a monarch either, but in 1975, the Bourbon monarchy returned with King Juan Carlos I. Currently, Spain is still being ruled by a member of the House of Bourbon; Felipe VI, who is King Juan Carlos I's son and took reign in 2014. The House of Bourbon has experienced many crises and caused tension between countries throughout the centuries it has existed, but it remains an important part of European history and the way its countries were
Spain, who was an ally of France, disobeyed Napoleon's decree. Then in 1808 Napoleon overthrew the Spanish royal family and made his brother Joseph king of Spain. However, everything that Napoleon did such as put in a foreign ruler, take away noble privileges offended Spanish pride and created nationalistic feelings. The people of Spain revolted in 1808. The French troops stopped the riots, but the nationalistic spirit was not lost. For the next five years, there was warfare in Spain. British troops came to aid Spain. This led to the defeat of Joseph, death of thousands of French troops and it inspired patriots and nationalists of other lands to resist Napoleon. This war between 1808 and 1813 is called The Peninsular War.
DBQ- Napoleon Bonaparte ruled in France from 1789 to 1815. Napoleon came to power in 1789 and immediately became a powerful figure in the French government. However, some thought Napoleon was such a great leader. The Napoleonic Empire started to grow France’s territories. Some might have believed that Napoleon was too eager with his rule, while losing and failing to succeed against the power of England, in an attempt to blockade their trade, and of Russia, where he led his army to a defeat and retreat back to France.
The way Louis XIV ruled over France was not quite the way his father ruled. Louis XIV was considered to have unruly nobility. Louis XIV was also in the process of reinforcing the traditional Gallicanism, which is a doctrine limiting the authority of the Pope in France. Also, Louis XIV began to diminish the power of the nobility and clergy. He achieved great control over the second estate (nobility) in France by essentially attaching much of the higher nobility to his range at his palace at Versailles, which required them to spend most of the year under his close watch instead of in th...
Eventually, Napoleon lost his title as emperor, but the people assigned to fix his damage caused more trouble. The Congress of Vienna were meant to give the land taken back to their original nations and to put their rightful monarchs back into power. They did this, but they also set laws that brought France back to life before the rebellion was even thought of. The Haitian Revolution succeeded in all its goals, but France came full circle after a pointless
King Louis XVI was next in line for the throne in 1774 and gladly inherited it from Louis XIV to become the ruler over France. He drastically changed the whole country and put its people through ghastly conditions. There was not a soul left unharmed. In Paris, nearly half of its population in 1788 was unemployed. They produced no crops due to them not growing and had extremely high prices on food. With the whole nation already furious with his doings, he decided to marry Marie Antoinette who was foreign. They decided to blame her for their problems of their economy because they figured that King Louis was letting her make major decisions and control them. Together, Antoinette and Louis had a total of four children. Their oldest child lived to be seventy-three.
its height of absolute power and then was destroyed by the French Revolution. The reigns
The Huguenot Henry Navarre (Henry IV) took the throne of France after converting to Catholicism to gain support of the majority. He passed the Edict of Nantes in 1598 that allowed the Huguenots to take part in government, have their own fortified cities, freedom to worship, and to take part in Universities. However, the Huguenots were limited to their cities and the Cat...
During the early 18th century, European governments were experiencing significant changes and challenges to the government structure and authority. A crisis in government led in some instances to revolution within the country, and in other instances led to a war with other nations. The differences can be examined by a look at the War of Spanish Succession and the American Revolution. The War of Spanish Succession resulted from a crisis in government when King Charles II died and left no heir. Various relatives from France, Austria, Britain and the Netherlands claimed a right to the throne. French Bourbon King Louis XIV installed his grandson, Philip of Anjou, as the Spanish king in 1700, resulting in the other claimants starting a war
In order to gain the power he desired as an absolute monarch, Louis used a few key techniques that were very successful. His first and most necessary step to get all control was to take all of the nobles’ power, and make it so they were completely under his control. He first did this by taking the nobles’ positions of power, and either getting rid of them by doing it himself, or giving the jobs to loyal middleclass or some nobles who were completely loyal and under his control. Louis had very simple reasoning for doing this, which was that if the nobles had any power or control, they would have a better chance of overthrowing him, and that since there can only be so much total power, the more they had, the less ...
Prior to the revolution, King Louis XVI was at the top of the ancien régime, the social, economic, and political structure in France, which means he had absolute power. When he received the throne in 1774, it came along with insoluble problems. The people were split into three estates which divided social class. The first estate consisted of 100,000 tax exempt nobles who owned 20% of the land. The second estate consisted of the 300,000 tax exempt clergy who owned 10% of the land.
Lasting from 1789 to 1799, the French Revolution led a major turning point in the history of France. Ten years were filled with bloodshed, war, and terror. One of the results of the revolution was the overthrow of the monarchy, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. Marie Antoinette is considered the most infamous and despised person in French history; however, not many know her life story.
First, the Bourbon Reforms are described as a set of economic and political legislation that were created and presented by the Spanish Crown. The reforms were presented during the 18th century by various kings. The reforms were supposed to inspire manufacturing and technology, with the intention to fully modernize Spain. For Spanish America, the reforms purpose were create an administrative body that would become more effective, in order to encourage its economic development, financial and marketable development. The creation of new reforms had high hopes, which would have a much more substantial/positive economical outcome.
Spain: Declining absolute monarchy, Catholic. The throne lapsed into uncertain inheritance in the early 1700s (sparking the "War of Spanish Succession" in which Louis XIV installed a Bourbon claimant) and never wholly recovered its power. The Spanish monarchy resisted most reforms and innovations associated with the Enlightenment. France: Strong absolute monarchy, Catholic (Bourbon Dynasty). Louis XIV and Louis XV reigned during most of this period and built up centralized royal power, greatly diminishing the strength and independence of the nobility.
Historians refer to the period 1759-1763 as the Bourbon Latin America, due to the praised reform activities that took place during this period. These reforms were developed and facilitated by enlightened government leaders and reformers like Jose Patino and Princes of the House of Bourbon. The importance of these reforms has made the earlier periods of Bourbon Latin America and the later periods of Habsburgs rule to be used together. Historical studies in this topic majorly base their interests on the first Bourbons that were slightly involved in the Spanish Succession War that took place in 1702 to1713. Habsburgs’ regime had devastated Spain as a result of the high number of wars and defeats the empire had realized both internally and externally. This country had faced bankruptcy; Spain soldiers even became weak in wars and escaped from the battles. Spain suffered in America from colonization of the English, the Dutch and the French. This enlightenment era and its effects came to be realized in the eve of Spain’s independence from its colonizers. The Bourbons were inspired to create a New Spain using mercantilist policies that were employed by regimes in the early modern world to revive their economies.
The French Revolution, which occurred from 1789 to 1799, was a time where the monarchy was overthrown, a republic was formed, and limits were put on the church. The French Revolution ended with the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1799. The French Revolution created France’s legislative assembly, which is still in place today. Many would argue that the Enlightment was a cause of the French Revolution, but the Enlightment was not one of the main drivers for the Revolution. The bad living conditions, France’s monarchy, and the involvement in the American Revolution and other wars caused the French Revolution.