Cloud Forensics is a related sub discipline of Network Forensics, a sub discipline of Digital Forensics. Cloud computing is largely operated from networks across various locations as data is stored by cloud service providers (CSP) in various data centers around the world in order to ensure availability. Cloud computing has become an attractive storage solution for many corporations because utilization can reduce IT costs and mitigate the risk of nonavailability or data loss.
Despite these advantages, Grispos, Glisson and Storer (2012) highlighted several challenges that the cloud environment may pose for digital forensic investigators during the collection and analysis phrases of the investigation process. Artifacts, data used that can be used as evidence, are often hard to extract because resources can be redirected and/or disappear destroying the trial of evidence in the process. During the preparation stage of the investigation, an investigator trained in the conventional methods of digital forensics will usually obtain a comprehensive history and overview of the crime scene, and have a idea of what will be required from the organization in order to proceed with the investigation. However, in the case of network forensic investigations, there is a no comprehensive history and overview of the suspected crime scene, and there is a lack of structured environment in which data transmissions between various network points and platforms can be collected as evidence. There may also be a lack of structure in the target environment and methods of monitoring and reporting transmission information may not exist. The segregation of duties and differences in the service models that exists between cloud service providers and cus...
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...to the United States. Because a cloud could potentially reach across multiple states or even nations, a researcher must be aware of the rules of seizure, privacy and so forth in each location from which he or she will retrieve data. It is common for cyber criminals and insiders to intentionally construct their own clouds with data stored in jurisdictions with rules and laws that make data retrieval for the purpose of forensics difficult or impossible. With the growing popularity of cloud computing, these issues are likely to become more common for researchers looking to conduct observational studies and other forms of research in the future. By limiting the research to the United States and creating a virtualized environment limited to data storage centers in the United States, the researcher hopes to prevent any issues with multi-jurisdiction or multi-tenancy.
Digital Forensic is the process of uncovering and interpreting electronic data that can be used in a court of law. It requires a set of standards to show how the information that is gathered, preserve, and analyzed is strictly followed. The analysts need to understand the evolution of the current technology and how it will impact how they gather their information. The investigator is able to uncover evidence and analyze it to gain the understanding of the motives, crime, and the criminal’s identity to help solve the crime. As computers and technology continue to become a part of our everyday lives, the cyber realm contains a growing realm for evince in all types of criminal investigations (Cummings, 2008) Digital forensics is a way to connect information security and law enforcement. It ensures that the digital evidence is collected in a way that it can make it into the courts in an unhampered or uncontaminated way (Dlamini, M., Eloff, J. & Eloff, M., 2009).
Forensics investigations that require the analyzation and processing of digital evidence can be influenced both positively and negatively by a number of outside sources. In this paper, we will explore how physical security plays a role in forensics investigations activities. We will start by examining how physical and environmental security might impact the forensics investigation process. Next, we will discuss the role that physical and logical security zones play in supporting effective forensics activities. We will illustrate how centralized and decentralized physical and environmental security affects the forensics professional’s approach toward the investigation. Lastly, we will evaluate some potential areas of risk related to the physical security of our case study organization, Widget Factory, identified in Attachment 1.
The use of computers in homes, schools, offices, and other places has increased in the past few years due to technological developments. As computers have become important components of modern communication, their increased use has also led to the emergence of computer crimes. Computer crimes basically involve the use of a computer system to carry out an illegal activity. In attempts to lessen the frequency and impact of computer crimes, law enforcement agencies use computer forensic to investigate these offenses. Actually, computer crimes are governed by specific laws and dealt with through conducting a computer forensic investigation (Easttom & Taylor, 2011, p.337). Notably, a computer forensic investigation is usually carried out through the use of computer forensic tools, which help in collection of evidence based on the specific offense.
Live acquisition: The future of data acquisitions is shifting toward live acquisitions because of the use of disk encryption with newer operating systems (OSs). In addition to encryption concerns, collecting any data that’s active in a suspect’s computer RAM is becoming more important to digital investigations. The processes and data integrity requirements for static and live acquisitions are the same. The only shortcoming with live acquisitions is not being able to perform repeatable processes, which are critical for collecting digital evidence.
Information collected digitally from computers or media storage applications has protocols that need be followed during the process. The order of collecting digital information mostly determines the life expectancy of information collected (Eoghan, 2004, p. 74). There is a need to change information collection procedures since there are changes in the field of computing. In this regard, all information collected is at times determined by the type of tools and instruments supplied by the suppliers. Investigative agencies should be keen to ensure that they hire services of competent suppliers who are updated with present technology and supplies their instruments at an attractive price (Eoghan, 2004, p. 74).
To control the effects of such crimes digital forensics has gained popularity in recent years. In today’s world, the dependency on computers is growing widely. Government agencies and private companies are attempting to protect themselves from cyber attacks with digital defence techniques like encryption, firewalls and heuristic or signature scanning, etc. Meanwhile, the number of attacks that include sensitive military data canters, targeting power grids and stealing trade secrets from both private and public organizations continues to increase. the detection, response and reporting of these kinds of intrusions as well as other incidents involving computer systems, are critical for cyber security professionals Just like that, if the data taken from the organizations encrypted across the network, to determine which sensitive files were stolen and that won’t be recognized by traditional packet capture techniques. However, passwords and encrypted keys can often be recovered by memory forensics, or even the file’s plain-text contents before they were encrypted, providing information to understand the scope of an
The quantitative research article that I chose to review was a study completed by Dougherty and Thompson (2009), found in Research in Nursing & Health. Very few researchers have focused their study on the impact of cardiac arrest and ICD implantation on a patient’s intimate partner. What little is known about caregiving responsibilities and caregiver burden after a cardiac illness or event has previously been focused on the spousal experiences following an acute myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (Dougherty & Thompson, 2009). The researchers in this article chose to study the physical and mental health effects of the intimate partners of persons after sudden cardiac arrest and receipt of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Intimate partners were defined as being the spouse, lover, or significant other living in the same household as the patient during the study enrollment. Complete data collection was obtained from 100 intimate partners that participated in the study. Subjects were recruited from 10 Pacific Northwest hospitals after patient’s received an ICD after cardiac arrest. Data were collected by the researchers between 1999 and 2002.
Due to the advances in technology, criminal investigation has improved and citizens expect detectives to unearth findings in a timely and precise manner. However, criminal investigation requires a considerable amount of preparation and training time since it utilizes both science and art. For a computer forensic incident involving child pornography, the investigator must carry out the process in a in an orderly and systematic way analyzing and evaluating the relevant facts.
We do have known what forensics is. Forensics that we know is an application of various sciences to answer questions that are important to legal system in which it may be related to a crime. Forensics generallu covering something or methods of a scientific nature and also the rules established from the facts of the event, to do an introduction to physical evidence. This is just a usual forensics. Nowadays, forensics is not just like that, digital devices are everywhere today, helping people to communicate with other people globally, not just between town. We can use that to do some forensics thing too, and find the evidence. It is called Digital Forensics.
The transitional growth in the forensic science sector has not been without challenges. Though the world has experienced increased capabilities and scientific knowledge, which has led to faster investigations and results, many forensic experts have argued that forensic laboratory testing, in the light of 21st century technological advancements, is yet to meet the expected rate in quick available testing and analysis (Mennell & Shaw, 2006). This is with respect to the growing rate of crime and the high demand of quick crime scene testing and analysis. In the science of crime scene, analysis and interpretation of evidence is majorly dependent on forensic science, highlighting the change in the role of forensic sciences (Tjin-A-Tsoi, 2013). In the business of forensic science, time is beginning to play important role in the evidence testing and analysis which is becoming crucial in reducing ...
Forensic science has now been recognized as an important part of the law enforcement team to help solve crimes and cold cases. The advances in technology are being used each day and we must continue to strive to develop better advances in this field. The recent discovery of using DNA in criminal cases has helped not only positively identify the suspect, but it has helped exonerate hundreds of innocent individuals. “With new advances in police technology and computer science, crime scene investigation and forensic science will only become more precise as we head into the future.” (Roufa, 2017) Forensic science and evidence helps law enforcement officials solve crimes through the collection, preservation and analysis of evidence. By having a mobile crime laboratory, the scene gets processed quicker and more efficiently. Forensic science will only grow in the future to be a benefit for the criminal justice
The biggest challenge investigators face and who is involved with high tech crime is the fast-paced constant evolving nature of technology. When companies come out with new devices or new versions of old devices which is almost all the time, and those who gather digital evidence must remain current to be able to locate and preserve all potential evidence. As technology evolves the capacities of these devices will rapidly increase while their form factor grows continually smaller. Investigators must preserve digital evidence to make sure it is suitable for presentation in court as well. Investigators must first never change a crime scene or alter evidence. It is their goal to document and preserve the scene exactly as it was when the crime occurred. Extreme caution and care is needed because the mere act of documenting or cataloging a crime scene means that investigators are interacting with the scene. The second concern is the physical fragility of the evidence. Care must be taken to keep items from getting wet, stepped on etc, this can also be applied to digital evidence. Investigators have been able to examine hard disk drives that have been through fires because the drives are usually air and water tight and impervious to temperatures into the thousands of degrees. The third issue is that digital evidence can be lo...
Cloud storage basic terms, is a way to save information to the web that can managed data storage. Cloud computing services are online services, which store this information to a safe and secure location online. It’s offered a quicker, easier and safer backup than conventional methods of file storage such as bookshelves or cardboard files.
“The word ‘forensics’ means “connected with the courtroom”; so forensic science is, therefore, concerned with gathering hard evidence that can be presented in a trial” (Innes 9). Forensic science is a science that is applied specifically to legal matters, whether criminal or civil. “Few areas in the realm of science are as widespread and important as forensic science” (Hunter 12). Forensics is the one science that is most commonly used in everyday life. It is also a branch of science that incorporates other branches of science such as biology, chemistry, and etc. Since it is used almost every day “No one can dispute the importance of the contributions to society made by forensic science; the ability to solve crime is undeniably important” (Hunter 13). Forensic science has given criminal investigation a new edge. “Advances in science have opened the door for more effective evidence discovery, howev...
In cloud computing, the word cloud is used as a metaphor for “the internet”. So the cloud computing means “a type of internet-based computing”, where different services such as servers, storage and applications are delivered to an organization’s computers and devices through the internet.