Reliability vs. Validity Relationship
Megan M. Brown
Professor Karmia
Adler University
Reliability and validity are two concepts that go hand in hand when creating a job analysis. Without one concept, the other may not exist. These terms are used when analyzing results of tests that new employees have taken. Validity and reliability allow for more accuracy within the workplace. Reliability is referring to freedom from unsystematic errors of measurement (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Reliability is concerned with the degree of consistency or agreement between two sets of independently derived scores, the correlation coefficient, is particularly an appropriate measure of such agreement (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Reliability is used
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The investigative process of gathering or evaluating the necessary data are called validation (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Validity has two main focuses. Validity focuses on what a test or other procedure measures and how well it measures (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). When referring to conducting references for new hires, validity can also play a role into their performance. When an individual lists references for the job, calling and speaking with these individuals shows that the numbers that were listed for them were valid and previous employers can provide as much valid information as possible. Validity is a unitary concept because there are not different kinds of validity, but different kinds of evidence for analyzing validity (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Validity is not a number or a score, but an inference from available evidence (Cascio & Aguinis, …show more content…
This process allows us to test a hypothesis that test scores are related to performance (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Predictive and concurrent studies are often used in this category. Predictive studies are oriented towards the future and time intervals of the events that have taken place (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Concurrent studies are oriented towards the present and reflect the status quo at the time (Cascio & Aguinis, 2011). Criterion related evidence helps individuals find relationships between the given
When I start looking at the people I should interview I must first assess the reliability of the information that the person wil...
...achieving high scores on standardized tests” (Solley).Because of this, teachers take more time to teach test preparation skills than valuable information (Neill, 165). Although standardized tests have been trusted for years to assess the progress of students, there is little evidence that they measure progress accurately.
There are two basic psychometric properties, validity and reliability that have been used to evaluate the quality of scale development. Psychometric testing used to evaluate the quality of instrument (Polit& Beck, 2010).
Another confound that may impact the results of this study could be the testing effect. Repeated testing may lead to better or worse performance. Changes in performance on the test may be due to prior experience with the test and not to the independent variable. In addition, repeated testing fatigues the subjects, and their performance declines as a result (Jackson, 2012). Because the professor is interested in determining if the implementation of weekly quizzes would improve test scores, an experimenter and/or an instrumentation effect may also affect results.
Achievement tests are retrospective in their purpose. That is, they are designed to evaluate development in knowledge and skills obtained in the relatively recent past (Murphy & Davidshofer,
In the society of today, there are various educators who believe in assessment as proper method to measure the performance of a child in school as well as the overall achievement of a specific school system. The assessment may be presented in the form of verbal, written, or multiple choice, and it usually pertains to certain academic subjects in the school curriculum. Recently, many educators began to issue standardized tests to measure the intelligence of a common student body. (Rudner, 1989) These standardized tests were initially created to reveal the success in institutional school programs, and exhibit the abilities of students today. The standardized tests can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of a student as well as the admission into certain programs. The test results also assist various schools in determining the proper curriculum, evaluate a specific school system, or a particular school related program.
The sampling procedures that can be utilized in evaluation research is vast. The selected sampling procedure is important in the consideration of external validity. External validity generalizes the findings to individuals in the study sample with characteristics that are alike (DiClemente et al., 2013). Although, not all research studies will require a sampling procedure that would deliver an external validity.
Bagnato (1980) provides five suggestions for organizing test write-ups, which can be very beneficial for the individuals who are reading the report. These individuals typically include parents and teachers (Overton, 2015). The first suggestion that Bagnato provides is to organize “test results by domains or by developmental levels rather than by instruments” (Overton, 2015, p. 295). In other words, Bagnato is suggesting that write-ups be presented in a format that allows individuals to see how the student performed in each related category, rather than how the student did on a series of test. For example, reading comprehension and math would be looked at separately, which allows individuals to see where the student is weak and where the student
Cohen, R. J., Swerdlik, M., Sturman, E. (07/2012). Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction to Tests and Measurement, 8th Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from
In today’s highly competitive job market it is extremely challenging and important for businesses to fill a vacancy with the right candidate (Cann, 2013). Due to high demand of potential candidates, developing a portfolio of employability skills which include psychometric testing is considered important in every workplace (Mills et al., 2011). Thus, I recently took three practice psychometric tests on verbal, numerical and inductive/logical reasoning. This essay is a reflection of my personal experience of psychometric testing. First, I will talk about what the literature comments on in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of psychometric testing. Then, I will assess whether literature reflects
In life, we often look to others for validation, our family, friends, or even strangers. Throughout life, as we evolve, validation plays a prominent role in all of our lives. From a young age we are taught to see approval and validation from others. In fact, as children, we are taught to look to our parents for a smile or a nod of reassurance and approval for our choices. This teaches us that throughout life, we should look to others for their validation for confirmation. From a young age we are taught to compulsively seek others approval, however, when evaluating why we seek validation, we find that validation and approval is found within.
Validity is the most important requirement of all. A test must actually measure what it is intended to measure. (Content validity-the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest and Predictive validity- the success with which a test predicts behavior it is designed to predict)
Standardized Achievement tests are often administered to give a perspective on how well students perform, however, most educators fail to understand that they are only limited to a certain r...
As it is, examinations are timed written or oral assessments held at the end of an academic term. It serves to asses a student’s knowledge and comprehension of all the subjects he has studied over the course of the term. Rather than tracking a student’s progress over the course of the term, it judges his/her ability over a handful of written or oral pieces. This is obviously not an accurate indication of one’s progress. Take for example the case of an intelligent and dexterous student who never fails to impress teachers and peers alike in his daily homework and assignments, but fell miserably short of the marks when it comes to the examinations, due to unforeseen circumstances that are not within his influence. These so-called “unforeseen circumstances” might be familial problems t...
A well created test can measure learning and diagnose a student’s weakness (Merrow, 4). In testing, the idea is for the student to get the correct answer on information they know and incorrect answers on the information they do not. However, a testing error may occur. A testing error is when a student gets an answer correct of information they did not actually know or an answer incorrect, they may have actually known (Gellman, 30)The people who create these tests want straightforward measures. However, test designers do not design these tests to measure what a student can do academically (Fusaro, 1). Large testing companies produce tests and sell them all over the country. This causes the test to be not specialized for the school or county and students do not do as well as they could have if the test was specialized (Popham, 4).three possible ways of testing a student’s knowledge exists: multiple choices, answer in essay form, or they are asked to perform a task and then graded on the performance (Merrow, 5). Some tests are designed to assess an individual’s performance, like an