Relationship between Greeks and Gods in Hippolytus
The play Hippolytus by the Greek playwright Euripides is one which
explores classical Greek religion. Throughout the play, the influence
of the gods on the actions of the characters is evident, especially when
Aphrodite affects the actions of Phaedra. Also central to the plot is
the god-god interactions between Artemis and Aphrodite. In this essay,
I hope to provide answers to how the actions of Hippolytus and Phaedra
relate to the gods, whether or not the characters concern themselves
with the reaction of the gods to their behavior, what the characters
expect from the gods, how the gods treat the humans, and whether or not
the gods gain anything from making the humans suffer.
Before we can discuss the play, however, a few terms need to be
defined. Most important would be the nature of the gods. They have
divine powers, but what exactly makes the Greek gods unique should be
explored. The Greek gods, since they are anthropomorphic, have many of
the same characteristics as humans. One characteristic of the gods
which is apparent is jealousy. Aphrodite seems to be jealous of Artemis
because Hippolytus worships Artemis as the greatest of all gods, while
he tends to shy away from worshipping Aphrodite (10-16). This is
important because it sets in motion the actions of the play when
Aphrodite decides to get revenge on Hippolytus. The divine relationship
between the gods is a bit different, however. Over the course of the
play, Artemis does not interfere in the actions of Aphrodite, which
shows that the gods, while divine, do have restrictions; in this case,
it shows the gods cannot interfere with each other. (1328-1330) The
gods are sometimes evil and revengeful, though, as can seen by what
Artemis has to say about Aphrodite: "I'll wait till she loves a mortal
next time, and with this hand - with these unerring arrows I'll punish
him." (1420-1422)
The relationship of mankind and the gods also needs to be discussed.
This relationship seems to be a sort of give-and-take relationship, in
part. The Greeks believed that if they gave to the gods, through prayer
and sacrifices, that the gods would help them out. This is especially
true of Hippolytus and his almost excessive worship of Artemis. Also,
Theseus praying to his father Poseidon is another example of this, only
The Greek gods were portrayed as humans, which meant that they were not perfect. That is, the gods made mistakes, felt pain (e.g. Aphrodite in love with the mortal Adonis), and succumbed to anger and their tempers (e.g.
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Gods and goddesses in mythology are used in allusions and often referred to in our daily lives, but do we truly understand them? We may not understand how or why they look the way they do, how they behave, what they are capable of accomplishing, or how they interacted with humans. These super-beings of extremely high status were the heart and soul of prayers and explanations of natural phenomena. They had a variety of natures and were represented in a variety of ways, by different religions.
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Many Greek gods were seen as both benefactors and tormentors, typically it depends on which god or goddess you are researching about. The seemingly contradictory behavior of the gods, acting as both benefactors and tormentors of man, can readily be explained when viewed in light of the prime directive for man, to worship the gods and not “overstep,” and the ensuing “Deus ex Mahina” which served to coerce man to fulfill his destiny as evidenced by the myths: “Pandora,” “Arachne, and “Odysseus.” Humankind and it’s range of vision over the gods beauty and power portrayed them to be benefactors but unseemingly it depicted their affliction towards humans.
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