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Discoverment of reggae
Jamaica and its music essay
Evolution of reggae music
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During the 20th century reggae music has played a very important role in Jamaican society. It is a music associated with Rastafarians, and a social movement which gave a voice to the country's poor black communities in a time where the Jamaican government banned politically controversial reggae songs from the airways and jailed or deported Rastafarian leaders. Reggae also served as a means to spread the religion of Rastafari, which worships Haile Salaassie I as Jah. Majority of Rastafarians believe that Selassie is the reincarnation of Jesus.
Reggae originated from mento. Mento was developed in the early 20th century by labour workers and direct descendents of the Maroon Society. As mento evolved, it was influenced by western mainstream music in the form of Rock & Roll in the 50's and became more of an uptempo rhythm and sound, creating a new gener called Ska.
On august 5th, 1962, Princess Margaret pulled down the union jack to end more than 300 years of British rule in Jamaica. From this monumental event Ska was born. Ska was a manifestation of the joyful attitude at the time of independence and later became popular in western mainstream music when Jamaicans musicians migrated to England where it exploded onto the scene.
As uptown Kingston accepted Ska with open arms, the mood downtown began to change again. Poor people started to feel like independence didn't benefit them since life was still incredibly rough in those areas. Also crime became a rampant problem, which caused rocksteady to be born. Rocksteady was slowed down and had an irie boy meets girl romantic sound.
By the the late 60's, Rastafarian movement became more popular in Jamaica and the songs lyrics became more focused on black consciousness, preached sel...
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...sive messages of chanting down babylon was introduced by these revolutionary figures in Reggae at that point of time but have been also adopted by more recent artist aswell. These newer artist style of music is more commonly referred to as dancehall. As Reggae music continues to evolve, the messgae told in the songs have stayed consistent. The conditions of the average man or woman worldwide as not vastly improved. Hence the theme of resistance has become more important, as more artist are reveling that it is necessary for the people of Jamaica to work together to achieve their goals.
Interesting on the other hand reggae is considered the new voice of Jah by more modern idealist Rastafarians. When reggae rose to fruition in 1968, it caused a wholesale embrace of Rastafarian faith and allowed for more radical political themes to make way into Jamaican music.
Marcus Garvey, and the ideology of Garveyism, was crucial in creating a movement of Revivalism and the reinvigoration of Africa-first religions. Marcus Garvey is one of the most influential people in the movements of Revivalism and Rastafarianism. Garvey took to the streets of Kingston to proclaim his message about an Africa-first ideology that begin to resonate with a Jamaican population that was slowly beginning to understand the breadth of the oppression they experience. He emphasized this connection with Africa and the desire for a black-controlled African homeland as a unifying characteristic of all black people in Jamaica. Chevannes notes Garvey’s position was largely centered on “the dignity and equality of blacks… [and] their ability to claim a land they could call their own, one in which they could be their own master” (p 95). The concept of “being their own master” is key to the Revivalism and then later the Rastafarian movement; it encouraged a unification of black people everywhere, not only in
Although there is a variety of music that could be examined to trace its evolution through time, there is one genre in particular that is quite interesting to examine. Though it differs from other types of music, it will be looked at in conjunction with Reggae music as they have similar ties. Reggae music is quite prominent today in the United States, parts of Africa, and of course Jamaica. Reggae is notoriously known for its most influential artist Bob Marley, and it is not unusual for one to have heard a few, if not many of his songs. Reggae’s popularity is steadily increasing and is doing so through both expansions of the music as well as increasing knowledge on the genre.
There are several possible explanations for the rapid growth of Rastafari. One major factor in its expansion was the emergence in the late 1960s of reggae music, a derivative of American rhythm and blues and Jamaican ska. Reggae helped spread the philosophy of Rastafari to the wider Jamaican audience and the world. During that period of time, Bob Marley and the Wailers were the principal popularizers of reggae.
Throughout the world indigenous peoples have been resisting and rebelling against the colonial system, also known as the 'Babylon' system to Rastafarians, modern-day descendants of the Maroons. The origins of the concept of 'Babylon' in relation to rastafarianism and indigenous resistance will be discussed in greater detail. The following essay is an exploration of indigenous resistance in Jamaica and throughout the world. Reggae music has evolved as a form of social commentary and because of its international popularity the message is spread around the world.
This essay will discuss the key musical and lyrical characteristics of Ska music. We will briefly examine some of the musical styles that influenced the session musicians and composers working in Jamaica’s recoding industry at the time of the development of Ska. We will then go on to look at the musical and lyrical characteristics of three ska recordings. The first recording will be Derrick Morgan’s Forward March, the second recording this essay will look at will be Prince Busters Al’ Capone which was released in 1964. We will see how Busters recoding of Al Capone was written with much more focus on the instrumentation rather that the song lyrics while still having a clear concept for the song. The author will look at Millie Smalls recording of my boy lollipop a song that went number one in the UK a successful attempted to incorporate Ska’s musical characteristics into commercial popular music. This essay shall then briefly discuss how ska music’s main characteristics where used in conjunction with musical elements from other genres to bring about a revival ska.
In the 1920’s and 30’s the Rastafari religion formed in the slums of Kingston, Jamaica. At the time, this area had an environment of great poverty, class discrimination, depression, and racism. The message they wanted to get across was freedom from oppression and it was influenced by African religious traditions. The Bible and the biblical themes have also helped shape the Rastafarian belief system.
I am not going to waste your time by writing exhaustively about how and where Reggae began for three reasons: 1) you definitely know; 2) you have read at least 25 papers before mine with explicit and redundant descriptions of the birth of Reggae; and 3) I don’t think that much else matters for the purpose of this paper besides the reason behind the formation of Reggae culture. Karl Marx once said, “Jamaican history is characteristic of the beastliness of the true Englishman,” which alone designates causation for a raging revolution. Jamaica was stolen, pillaged, exploited, cultivated, massacred, raped, and defecated on by the British empire. With its social darwinistic institutionalized racism ...
These lyrics from the song "Boom Bye Bye" by Buju Banton personify the manner in which the reggae dancehall culture of Jamaica views homosexuals. These lyrics will always be part of dancehall history because of the controversy they started amongst the homosexual North American community, who were offended by Buju Banton’s lyrics. The controversy brought about the question of whether this was a problem due to cultural differences or a hate crime against a group that is considered a minority, homosexuals. This song brings forth issues and different beliefs that are present in the Jamaican culture that contradicts those of the North American culture.
"The Rastafarians emerge as a loosely organized inspirational group (or groups?) of men and women concerned at the plight of black people, especially the plight of those whose ancestors were forcibly removed from Africa to become the slaves of the white man on his plantations in the islands of the Caribbean"(Cashmore, 1). The English takeover of Jamaica in 1660 started the terrible beginning of the African Diaspora. Millions of Africans were stolen off of their continent and were shipped over to the Caribbean where they were fashioned to do slave labor so the Europeans could make money. Over 80 million Africans died in the process of departing to the islands. The slaves were denied any form of religion and were treated like animals. They were also denied food and were made to grow their own food so they could feed themselves. Many years went by till the slaves started to rebel. The 'Maroons' were a group of runaway slaves who started a powerful group of guerrilla warriors who lived in the most dangerous woods in Jamaica. But the Maroons gave in and signed a peace treaty in 1738 and were paid to catch the runaway slaves and became supporters of slavery.
Lastly, Rastafarianism is growing very rapidly between people of many different cultures. The Rastafari movement has spread all around the world because of Bob Marley's famous music. The lyrics to most of Marley's songs contained the Rasta doctrine and many of things about the religion/way of life. Bob Marley's style of music was Raggae, and it was very popular, and still is on a certain level. There are many Raggae artists today, like Shaggy & Barrington, Sizzla, and Gyptian. Today, there appears to be more than one million followers of Rastafarianism, and most live in communes. Although, Rastafarianism is spread through Africa, most Rastafarians are from Jamaica. They settle in other places around the world like the Caribbean, US, UK, and Canada.
In Jamaica during the 1970s and 1980s reggae developed out of the Ghetto’s of Trench town and expressed the social unrest of the poor and the need to overcome the oppressors. The 1980’s brought the newest development in social and political music, the emergence of hip-hop and rap. This urban musical art form that was developed in New York City has now taken over the mainstream, but originated as an empowering art form for urban youth and emerging working class. Musically, hip-hop spawned the age of DJ’s. With strong influences from Reggae, hip-hop has developed into an empowering form for the expression of ideas, power, revolution and change.
Marley was born into Jamaica’s poverty and it is where he developed a strong love of reggae and became a Rastafari. Reggae, evolved from another musical style called Ska in the late 1960’s, is considered the voice of the ‘oppressed’ peoples. Many reggae lyrics are politicalised and centre on themes of freedom and fighting for it. (Cooper, 2014)
Life made into a commodity to be bought and sold as an animal or machine, born to serve the dominant humans marked by white skin. In this way colonialism as a political entity was created to exploit the earth and its people in order to profit white Europeans. The economic dependency established by the slave trade established a stratified socio-economic hierarchy based on racism. The inequities inherent in this system caused the exploitation of less powerful resources to be established as the means of economic growth and prosperity throughout colonialism. The lack of representation of the oppressed black majority brought about a series of uprisings against colonialism. In Jamaica the Rastafarian movement brought to the forefront the pressing issues of deprivation upheld by the socio-economic structure of the island. The ideology of Rastafarians instilled personal liberation and autonomy at the time of Jamaican Independence, helping the population deal with decolonization. This paper will deal with the implications of this thesis throughout the history of Jamaica from the colonial to post Independence years (1962-1980). The rise of Rastafarianism can be seen in response to the history of inequity of colonialism. The mentality of humanization upheld in Rasta acted as force of mental liberation. The influence of this ideology upon society around the time of Independence was reflected in politics of the time. At the time of Independence serious historical issues of lack of representation of the black majority were articulated in the words and works of Rastafarians and their liberating ideology.
Music in the Caribbean was first developed by the Neo Indians around 1600 the Neo Indians died taken their culture and music. Music then reemerged when the African slaves came to the Caribbean. The type of music the Africans brought was both lively and entertaining. The slaves found a rhythm in everything they did from cutting cane to taking care of the homes of the planter class. They sang to keep their spirits up, because they were taken way from family back in Africa and the harsh working and living conditions affecting them.
King, Stephen; Jensen, Richard,(1995) Bob Marley's "Redemption Song": The rhetoric of reggae and Rastafari Journal of Popular Culture 29.3