In the Reflection and Refraction lab, we investigated the relationship of acrylic’s index of refraction (nacrylic) to a beam of light’s angle of incidence (θ1) and the angle of refraction (θ2) when entering a piece of acrylic. In addition, we calculated the critical angle (θC) needed to cause total internal reflection (TIR) within acrylic. The value known going into this lab was the index of refraction of air, nair=1.00, and the goal was to fine the index of refraction of acrylic (nacrylic) and its critical angle (θC). From the measured angle of incidence (θ1) and angle of refraction (θ2), we found acrylic’s index of refraction to be n_acrylic=1.44±0.09. We calculated the critical angle of acrylic to be θ_C=42.2±0.5°, and from the critical …show more content…
Snell’s Law, Equation (1), was then rearranged as follows to compute the index of refraction (nacrylic):
n_acrylic=n_air (sin(θ_1))/(sin(θ_2)) (2)
Because the index of refraction of air (nair), in the precision this lab delves into, is 1.00, the resulting equation is essentially:
n_acrylic=(sin(θ_1))/(sin(θ_2)) (3)
Equation (3) is the one used to calculate the index of refraction (nacrylic) of acrylic from each angle of incidence (θ1) and angle of refraction (θ2).
In Exploration 1B of the Reflection and Refraction Lab, we rearranged Snell’s Law, Equation (1), to calculate the minimum angle at which light will reflect back into acrylic, or the critical angle (θC). For this, a beam of light was direction into the semicircle of acrylic at an angle. At first, the angle of light simply refracted through the acrylic. The angle was adjusted accordingly until the moment it began to reflect instead of refract, creating total internal reflection (TIR). After tracing out where the acrylic was placed, we noted the light’s path in and out of the acrylic, and where the light reflected within the acrylic. The resulting outlines looked similar
and quality of the light, by arranging its angle and coverage.” (Millerson, pg. 16, 2013). As for the
However, the measured densities lied below the accepted densities of 0.933 g/mL, 0.900 g/mL, and 0.888 g/mL for methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and propyl acetate respectively. Refractive indices increased across all groups, including Group 6, from the methyl acetate sample to the propyl acetate sample just as expected from the theoretical refractive index values of the pure liquids. In addition, the refractive index % error calculations of Group 6 indicate that samples 1,3, and 5 produced refractive index values relatively close to the theoretical refractive indices of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and propyl acetate respectively. Although no distillation produces a perfectly pure liquid, the lack of relatively constant temperatures seen in the data and plots makes it unlikely that the samples collected by the class distillations had a high level of purity. Evaporation from the samples due to a lack of properly fitting test tube caps also reduced the usefulness of the density and refractive index calculations for determining the closeness of the obtained samples to the pure
From the equation above, A is absorbance of the solution in equilibrium, ε is the molar absurdity of the molecule and l is the cuvette width; the length of which light goes through the cuvette.
So now that we have the desired answer and know what the formula is, we just need to know what it means and why it works. So
This reflective essay will demonstrate the concept of reflection. The model of reflection by Driscoll, 2007 has been followed in this essay to reflect the clinical skills that I have studied and practiced in week 7to week 9 of this unit which assisted me to get prepared for the practical experience which I will commence at the end of this semester. I have practiced numerous skills during the practicals class, but this essay will be a focus on taking care of bedsore and wound management.
I challenge you to take a trip back in time to your very first job orientation. Do you remember what the orientation process was like? In this short story titled "Orientation" written by Daniel Orozco, he tells the story of someone who is attending their orientation for an office job. This story is told by the narrator who is also the person conducting the orientation. The person on the receiving end is not specified, so that leads me to assume that the narrator intended for the audience reading this story to feel as though they are apart of this story and as though the narrator is actually talking to them specifically. Personally, when reading this story, I imagined that I was the one who was taking a tour of the office because the author
One of the most interesting properties of glass is that of it being able to bend and reflect light. Through the bending and reflecting of light rays, an image is created. What happens though when the image formed is not the focal point but rather is the source of the image, the glass itself? In the commencement of Dave Eggers’s novel ‘The Circle,’ there is recurring images of glass. The lustrous, pristine, and progressive visage that glass supplies encapsulated the Company’s essence of high quality and rapid advancement, and as such comprised most of the physical structure of the building. However, the high-end aesthetic that glass provides is not the only idea that Eggers is attempting to promulgate through the glass images. The less obvious
light hitting the cell by the ratio of area of the cell to the ratio
The parallax formula is derived using trigonometric functions in relation to right triangles and parallax angles. “The Six Trigonometric Functions and Reciprocals” says the six basic trigonometric functions are sine, cosecant, cosine, secant, tangent, and cotangent. In a right triangle, the sine of an angle is the opposite side from the angle divided by the hypotenuse of the triangle. Cosecant is its reciprocal. The cosine of an angle is the side adjacent to the angle divided by the hypotenuse. Secant is its reciprocal. The tangent of an angle is the side opposite of the angle divided by the side adjacent to the angle. Cotangent is its reciprocal (“The Six Trigonometric Functions and Reciprocals”).
The idea that images formed by the Camera Obscura could be saved as permanent prints came to light in the 1790’s, when Thomas Wedgwood began experimenting with photo-sensitive silver salts. The discovery of light’s effect on certain chemicals was made b...
The variation of power within the channel causes changes in the refractive index [D305]. By changing the refractive index, the phase velocity of light changes and the optical field acc-
The index of refraction is defined as the speed of light in vacuum divided by the speed of light in the medium. In this experiment, the index of refraction for the perspex is 1.50. Snell's Law relates the indices of refraction of the two media to the directions of propagation in terms of the angles to the normal. It refers to the relationship between the different angles of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another. When light passes from one transparent medium to another, it bends according to Snell's law which states: [IMAGE] where: n1 is the refractive index of the medium the light is leaving, n2 is the refractive index of the medium the light is entering, sin 2 is the is the incident angle between the light ray and the normal to the medium to medium interface, sin 1 is the refractive angle between the light ray and the normal to the medium to medium interface.
Now in order to understand how lights is able to be refracted in different angles, it is important to understand the Snell’s Law which states that, the refractive angle always depend on the refractive index of both media. Now, the refractive index keeps on changing depending on the wavelength of the light passing through. Light, as we know, it is a wave that has different wavelength. Each wavelength represents a different color. Thus, different colors will have different refractive index when passed through the same media. It is important to note that light is normally refracted twice when it travels through a prism, first on its way in, and when it is going back.
Will the future of optics still be based on mirrors, prisms and lenses? To investigate this question some background information on the key concepts of light, reflection and refraction will be covered first. Light is defined as electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. Light is also known as luminous energy or radiant energy. The speed of light is 299 792 458 m/s and is always constant. Electromagnetic radiation involves electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray. Electromagnetic radiation can travel through empty space unlike other waves that can only travel through substances such as solids, gases or liquids. Waves are measured in crests or troughs (see figure 1) the formula for the wavelength frequency relationship is c=f λ. Amplitude and wave frequency are both very important for reading and understanding waves. Amplitude measures the intensity of the wave by measuring the height of the wave, measuring the maximum vertical displaceme...
Refraction is a process that occurs when light travels between media of different optical density. Light travels at a speed of roughly 3.0 × 108ms-1 in a vacuum. A vacuum has a refractive index n=1.00. The speed at which the light is travelling will decrease as it moves into differently optically