Introduction
Public health is now in the epidemiological transition of communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases. This shifting in trend of diseases continuously strike almost all parts of the world, particularly the developing countries. Many of these ill health outcomes can be prevented if the policies are effectively implemented in timely manner. As such, states should be aware of these changes and respond in appropriate public health systems and policies.
However, in many countries, the capacity of public health response is poor in making effective decisions, and there is no well established research for this process (Allin et al., 2004). During recent decade, a number of tools emerged in support of decision making in public health and amongst these, evidence informed decision making (EIDM) has become widely in use (Ciliska et al., 2008). It is the process which integrate the best available research evidence into decision making. Additionally, community health issues, local context, political preferences and available resources should be taken into account at different levels of decision making: community, national, regional and international levels.
Scenario and Task
We are the public health officers from the Ministry of Health in Yemen. 58% of children under 5 in Yemen are in moderate and severe stunting (below minus two standard deviations from median length for age of reference population). Poverty, illiteracy and poor feeding practices are the main reasons behind. Stunting in children lead to low cognitive ability, low Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and, as a result, low productivity in later stage of life. This is a vicious cycle. We are assigned to develop public health policies to reduce prevalence ...
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...ay a crucial role in addressing stunting problem in children under 5.
Efficacy: The systematic reviews showed loads of benefits from macro and micro nutrient supplementations. For instance, small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight can be reduced by iron-folate and calcium supplements in pregnancy. Promoting the use of iodized salt is also helpful for physical and mental development and reducing mortality among children. As well, the review supported the fact that balanced energy protein supplements to both mother and child decrease the risk of SGA, stillbirths and low birth weight.
Community Effectiveness: Despite strong evidence of benefit, further assessments for effectiveness might be needed to guide specific intervention for Yemen. Feasibility, community acceptability and cost analysis have to be investigated prior to implement this strategy.
Griffiths et al., (2005) put forward a conceptual model that examine the causes of ill health and disease in populations, using epidemiology and evidence to change what works to change in practice. This includes three strands: information on health improvement about healthy lifestyle or housing improvements ,health service delivery and quality; and primary care services and promotion of health for example immunisation and screening (RCN,
Public health may be defined as “a social and political concept aimed at the improving the quality of life among the whole population through health promotion, disease prevention and other forms of health intervention”.(1) The purpose of public health practice is to improve the health of society rather than individuals and reduce health disparities between individuals, groups, and communities through organized effort of the communities, individuals and organizations. As Marmot points out: “creating a fairer society is fundamental to improving the health of the population and ensuring a fairer distribution of good health”.(2) Besides this, the public health field is expanding to tackling new and contemporary risks: obesity, sexually transmitted
To begin this study there were a total of 349,043 births but due to missing information of supplement use and the amount of multiple births only 280,127 where used for obtaining information. The study was conducted to show any relationship between the use of multivitamin and folic acid with placental abruption. The findings were quite intriguing. Compared with no use, vitamin supplement use was connected with a 26% decreased risk of abruption with the strongest reduction being when folic acid and a multivitamin were used in tandem followed by a multivitamin alone then by folic acid alone. With the data collected it suggest that folic acid and other vitamin use during pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of placental
In conclusion, hunger is a constant, chronic pain distressing many children. Famished children should have become a thing of the past a long time ago. The thought may seem impossible, but the world produces enough food to feed everyone. In the world as a whole, per capita food availability has risen from about 2220 kcal/person/day in the early 1960s to 2790 kcal/person/day in 2006-08, while developing countries also recorded a leap (2015 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and
Yemen has historically has been plagued with severe health problems spanning a majority of the region. The inhabitants of the region are dependent on the Country’s ...
When it comes to eating right, it is important that the diet of a pregnant woman has food energy, protein, with many vitamins and minerals, as this is essential for the pregnancy to support the metabolic demands of pregnancy and the baby's growth. It is then, that knowing the fact that the diet of a pregnant woman should be well controlled it is ide...
Beitsch et al. (2006) also conveys the main functions of state public health institutions, which include the assessment of diseases, policy development, and the commitment to health protection and promotion activities. While Brumback and Malecki (1996) reveal that the role of public health agencies is to assess and analyse public health problems, form policies, layout development, and implement
To achieve vision 2030, health sector is a key pillar through provision of accessible, quality and relevant health services to have a healthy workforce. Increasing allocation of resources, improvement in health personnel and facilities, better health management are among the strides made. However, challenges still exist due to infrastructural constraints, inadequate human resources, increasing cost of medical care, financial constraints, HIV/AIDS Pandemic, increasing non communicable diseases and high poverty levels.
Bernard Choi, et al. “EVIDENCE BASED PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE: Can scientists and policy makers work together?” Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Vol. 59 Issue 8 (2005). 632.
London, England. The.. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine n.d., Session 5: The role of the state. in global health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Ricci J.
Deficiency in macronutrients such as protein, carbohydrates and fat provoke protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), and when combined with micronutrient deficiencies, they are among the most important nutritional problems with hundreds of millions of pregnant women, elderly and young children particularly affected.
Epidemiology in the 21st century has great significance, as health problems become more global, a global approach to health is important. Addressing public health problems on a global basis is fundamental to public health, epidemiology and the understanding of disease frequency. Collaboration across the globe has proved to provide a better outcome for public health and the population (Pearce 2013). Descriptive epidemiology embraces a respectable position within the global approach to disease surveillance along with the frequency of diseases, investigating the causes and underlying causes of disease together with understanding the means to control the disease is epidemiology in public health. The idea of epidemiology is that diseases form patterns
Analyzing my 3-day food record reveals an interesting perspective into the needs of a pregnant women. Most pregnant women, like myself, follow the doctor’s recommendation and take prenatal supplements to provide the most nutritious environment for the baby to grow in. However, this does not mean one can eat whatever they want because supplements are just that supplements, they do not replace actual food. At the same time, toxicity can occur.
...tly should attend to the most urgent and highest needful problems to reduce the risk of developing those issues. Health priorities include reduction of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), decrease the road traffic accidents rate, reduce the infectious disease and vaccine preventable diseases, prevent transmit of HIV infections and reduce the poverty by minimizing gap between rich and poor. In addition, this health problems should be addressed in accordance to WHO guidelines, Millenniums development goals and according to other international health reporting standards. Moreover understanding the burden of disease is important where it helps to measure weightage of disease in a specific nation with that of the global situation. So supportively this will help to prioritize the urgent health problems in the country which will support the prevention of those health issues.
Primary Health Care is crucial or vital care made globally attainable to individuals and families in the community by means they approve to, through their full contribution and at a cost that the community and country can manage. It forms a basic part both of the country’s health system of which it is the core and the inclusive of social and economic evaluation of the community. In other words primary health care targets on providing affordable, attainable and suitable services for the obstructive treatment and management of disease procedure. In 1978, the dispute of public health that is shielding the greatest level of health for the highest number of people formed the agenda for a meeting of public health representatives from 134 countries, universally . It was held in Alma Ata ( A city in the former USSR ) to build new ideas and new mottos in public health. Their focus was to authorize people to have command over decisions that affected their own health, families and communities. Also to reduce inequities. The promising statement for World Health Organization was “ Health for All ” (HFA). The paramount of Primary Health Care was aiding of proper nutrition and an adequate supply of safe water, basic sanitation, child and maternal care, including family planning, immunization against the major infectious diseases, prevention and stabilizing of endemic diseases, education empowerment, conquering health problems and methods of preventing and controlling them, and suitab...