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Introduction
The topic of interest in this literature review is on whether print media or digital media is better than their counterpart. Print media is a medium used to disseminate information or news on printed matter (“print media”). For example: newspapers, magazines, books. Digital media is digitised content that can be transmitted over the television or through computer networks like the Internet which constitutes text, graphics, audio and videos (“digital media”).
Why is this topic of interest important? It has been suggested and viewed that print media is on the decline while digital media is on the rise - which leads to a possible assumption that digital media is a better medium and print may eventually be replaced someday. To address these conflicting views, the aid of relevant sources will help us find out the reasons why print media is on the decline and digital media on the rise, the advantages of print media as compared to digital media and the demographic differences between users of print and digital media respectively. All these questions will be answered in the following literature review.
Literature Review
Reasons to why print media is on the decline
Print media is on the decline, this can be seen in the U.S.newspaper industry as it is facing “its worst financial crisis since the Great Depression” (Kirchhoff). A few huge newspaper chains declared their bankruptcy, while many others have shut down (Kirchhoff). This has lead to many reporters and editors to be out of the job, lesser pay and even becoming web-only publications (Kirchhoff).
In recent years, digital media has become more popular, and is one of the reasons why print media is facing a financial crunch. The average American adult spends five hou...
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... favouring them, lack of portability, price factor, lack of timeliness and being seen as a damage to the environment. However, it also has its advantages over digital media. This includes: brand identity when advertising in print, more engaging, more accurate and permanency. As stated by aforementioned Senior Research Fellow, Carli “ Neither print alone nor digital media alone is capable of meeting the communication needs of business, government and the growing human population as they are used today.”
Finally, it should be known that most of the studies that we have included in this review were not done locally. However, it is still very much so relevant to us as print media and digital media is a global issue. Also, for the difference in demographics (gender) for print media, there is insufficient studies in that area, hence we are unable to elaborate further.
This source considers the issue of converting to digital books, specifically as it pertains to the effect that this change would have on the global environment. Although the research does recognize that there are disadvantages to not having a physical copy of a book and to abandoning certain platforms that do not transfer well to a digital form, overall, these researchers conclude that publishers should move towards digital products not only for the sake of cheaper long-run costs, but also for the good that going paperless can do for the environment. By displaying a series of graphs, as well as including multiple data sets, the text explains how e-books compare with printed texts; then, analysis of these facts is also included to show the reader the authors’ point.
Print media, however, are fundamentally restricted by their physical nature. Enter the Internet, arguably modern society’s greatest technological advancement, with its ability to digitally recontextualize the written word. Again, forever changing the nature of communication. This paper will focus on the web’s functional, social, and cultural remediation of print media. It can be argued that the Internet is a modernized version of the printing press.
Newspapers in Australia have never been sustainable in their own right. Once newspapers were two businesses, the sale of news and the sale of advertising (Simons 2011). However, in the modern media environment classified ads no longer come hot off the press on a Saturday morning combined with the daily news. Classified ads are now online, available anytime, and the companies selling the advertising often have nothing to do with news reporting. Media organisations therefore are suffering from variations of the collapse of the pre Internet business model but, because of its dependence on classifieds, Fairfax has had a faster decline than most other Australian newspapers (Simons 2011). Advertising online is cheap, and in the web-based world Fairfax does not have a monopoly or a premium position to gain from Internet based news delivery. The mistakes made in the transition to a digital business and the failure to diversify brought Fairfax to its knees,
For years, the population has been exposed to different forms of media. Newspapers, magazines, television, films, radio, and more recently the Internet are ways of promoting ideas, spreading news, and advertising products.
Media or medium of communication has been conceptualized to effect and drive information to the greater masses because it’s the venue where information can be linear form of communication. This essay will discuss what it is meant by media according to online Business Dictionary defines as the communication channels through which news, entertainment, education, data, or promotional messages are disseminated.” This may include broadcasting and narrowcasting medium such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet, the Business Dictionary further includes in this definition.
The advancement in technology across the world is a major cause of the changes in the workplace. For instance, the advancements in computers are astounding. Mainframe computers have given way to personal computers, then laptop computers, and now hand-held tablets. Findings of a study by IDC, a market research company, showed that by 2015 more people will be connecting to the Internet using tablets, smart phones, and other mobile gadgets compared to those who use the Internet through their desktop computers (Schroeder). Cell phones have also seen a revolution by becoming faster, more efficient and more feature-rich. It is even possible to check email on the way to work using a handheld device. A Nielson fact sheet outlining the usage of various devices in America shows that “there are 223 million cell phone users over the age of 13, and 25% of the mobile devices sold during Q3 of 2009 were smart phones. That is estimated to go up to between 40-50% during 2010” (Heimbuch). Individuals can text, status update, tweet, or reach other seamlessly by mobile devices that can fit in their pockets. Even the printed word may become obsolete according to Aaron Bradley, as outlined in his online article called “A Modest Proposal for Newspapers in the 21st Century.” In his article, he discusses how the printing of newspapers is be...
Although the future of newspapers and print media is very gloomy right now I think that once the newspapers that were revered and respected in their heyday develop a model that can incorporate and transition traditional news along with current web and online media at a reasonable rate and with the high quality that we have been known to expect I think that newspapers will make a surprising comeback and will be once again at the head to the public sphere and will be viable and thriving online entities.
The media is everywhere and takes up a great deal of people’s everyday lives. People depend on the media to provide them with information that would otherwise be hard to get. The people of society also use the media to communicate with friends, family, and people from all around the world. Also, the media serves as a means for entertainment. Businesses use the media as a way to advertise their products. The media affects society in many different ways; such as, businesses use the media to promote their products, the media effects communication, and the media affects body image and behavior of people in society.
However, iIn spite of the current pre-eminence of e-books, it may be argued that they are not likely to replace print books anytime soon or possibly at all. Both formats have their advantages and drawbacks, which makes for one of them difficult to replace the other. Moreover, they serve differents needs and purposes. E-books are famous for their portability. Hundreds of e-books can be stored on a single device. Thus e-books don’t take shelving space and are convenient to take on travel, while even a few paper books are bulky and quite heavy to carry around. Numerous e-books are in open access, while paper books are not routinely available free of charge. E-books may be acquired and accessed immediately online, a feature I enjoy especially and treasure most: many a time I was able to buy and read an e-book at home within minutes of learning of its existence. Needless to say, e-books are considerably easier to cite and quote than print books, since the copy-paste feature spares us the trouble of retyping the quoted text. Another important advantage of digital books is their specialized software, which makes reading much easier: search and reference tools, changeable font size and day/night mode, dictionaries. Last but not least, e-books conserv...
...l always be a market for both print media and digital media. Lets just hope that print media still has a couple more years on its life shelve before it goes completely extinct. When that happens, then they won't be a print media vs digital media war anymore.
In a study conducted by State of the Media, it claims that one of the main problems in the newspaper industry is the rapidly declining advertising revenues. As seen in the below dataset, as print advertising revenues have fallen by 58%, online revenues have grown by 117% in the past decade. It can also been seen that when the world faced a global recession in 2009, the revenue from ads plunged dramatically and in turn has only accelerated print journalism’s woes.
Media and technology have an ever increasing role in how we as humans communicate with one another as well as help impact our culture. The printed word, once able to be mass produced helped usher in an era where where people could seek the education and reading skills they desired, brought print and knowledge to the masses. Now with the more common use of digital communication and media outlets, our options for information and communication are almost entirely unimpeded. Technology allows us to live through multiple Renaissance type periods filled with ever growing pools of information from which to share, and culture changing happenings coming from every corner of our connected world.
The discussion into the relevance of this question can only be fabricated based on the definitive consideration of the internet, a key digital facet that expedites the abrasion of print publications. The internet has rendered access to information very effective, easy and strategic. Gone are the days when one would walk miles to the nearest library in order to satisfy their appetite for reading. With the internet, information storage has largely been restructured and can be retrieved in various digital forms. It is therefore commonsensical to assume that many publications, previously in print form, will eventually appear in digital format as e-books. To champions of printed books, this futuristic scenario provides the basis for their arguments.
The total number of books is increasing day by day and also the readers. Youth and elders contribute greatly to this number. Print media is also linked as a STATUS SYMBOL.
Hence, any debate of the future becoming digital must take into consideration the reaction of the media to the technological innovations of the world, from the Personal Computers (PC) to the smallest Smartphone. Although mass media has increased with technological innovations, what driv...