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The effect of motivation on learning
Motivational theories and their importance
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs and implications
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Discussion 9
Question 1: Motivation is a psychological process made of internal and external factors which spur our desire and energy to complete tasks, work hard, and conquer our goals. Motivation definitely compels us to achieve our goals. Therefore, it is like an internal force, which guides all our actions, wishes, and goals. Moreover, motivation keeps us energetic, committed, and interested in life. It includes drives and motives.
Drives are motivators who have biological purposes. Good examples are hunger or thirst, whereas motives are psychological and social mechanisms. Question 2: The Drive-Reduction Theory, which was developed on 1943 by Clark Hull, indicates that humans are compelled to satisfy physiological needs in order
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Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, suggests that all of our actions are motivated by a desire to achieve certain hierarchical needs. Then, we are first motivated to fulfill basic/primary needs, before moving to satisfy the secondary and more advanced needs. Maslow was genuinely interested in learning what makes people happy and the tasks and goals they establish to achieve them. Maslow’s theory has a humanistic focus. As a result, he believes that we have an inborn desire to self-actualized and be as much as we can be. According to him there are five levels of needs as follows:
1: Physiological needs, which are the most basic needs. They are essential to survival. Good examples are the need for air, water, food, and sleep. These needs are instinctive, biological, and
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This theory of psychological motivation indicates extrinsic motivators frequently diminish intrinsic motivation, according to its founders Edward Deci and Richard Ryan. They also sustained that, motivation is essential for our biological, cognitive and social regulation. I identify with this theory, due to the fact that to stay on task, we need intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. In human life one cannot survive just by doing anything we enjoy. For instance, I want to get a college degree and studying psychology, sociology, and human relationships makes me very happy (intrinsic motivators). However, part of the curriculum includes inorganic chemistry and algebra, two subjects, which I do not like at all. However, if I want the degree (extrinsic motivator) I have to endure the long hours of study Intrinsic motivation for means that a person drive forces are derive from spontaneous satisfaction that come from the individual and the activity by itself. Intrinsic motivation is important due to the fact that it brings high levels of effort, dedication, creativity, and persistence. Therefore, this kind of motivation is the most pure form, because it is not affected by external rewards. A person who does something because he enjoys the activity is utilizing intrinsic motivation. Unfortunately, in life
Motivation is the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way according to Google. The three milers in The Perfect Mile attempt to achieve the four-minute mile, and they each have different forms of motivation. There are two milers that achieve success because their motive impelled them to prevail. What is motivation?
Intrinsic motivation has several advantages over extrinsic motivation. First of all, intrinsically motivated learners are more likely to select challenging tasks. Second, evidence suggested that learners gain more knowledge when they read material that they consider intrinsically interesting. Third, the conditions that support intrinsic motivation also promote greater creativity and better conceptual learning. Fourth, intrinsic motivation is associated with greater pleasure and more active involvement in activities.” (p.
The author trusts that all humans have some level of motivation as long as they exist. In turn, there are several well-known classic approaches that consider motivation such as instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, and humanistic approaches. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe all in detail, but a brief synopsis of each follows: (1) Instinct approach theorists suggest that humans have many diverse instincts that are biologically determined and cause innate patterns of behaviors such as reproducing, territorial protection, curiosity, acquisition, and fight, flight or freeze to name a few (McDougall, 1908). (2) Drive-reduction theory proposes that individuals have needs that are essential for survival and this need cause a tension to act called a drive. These drives entail primary drives for physical needs such as water and food, and acquired drives realized through conditioning or experience such as the need for income or social acceptance; whereas, one must meet the need to reduce the drive to return to a state of homeostasis (Hull, 1943). (3) Theorists who support an Arousal approach believe that humans are motivated by stimulation and people develop an optimal level of stimulus tension; whereas, task performances may suffer if the level is too high such as severe test anxiety or even too low such as boredom
Sometimes people remain driven to do something because of external reward, or the by the avoidance of an objectionable consequence, as when one obeys the permitted speed limit to avoid a costly speeding ticket. When the motivation leads to an outcome that is outside of the self, it is called extrinsic motivation. In extrinsic motivation, a person performs an action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from the person (Ryan & Deci, 2000). For instance, giving a student money for every A grade, proffering a bonus to a salesman for the most contracts signed, or tipping a stylist for a good haircut. The student, salesman, and hairdresser remain motivated to work for the external extrinsic rewards. In contrast, intrinsic motivation is the form of motivation in which an individual implements an action because the act itself is enjoyable, satisfying, interesting, or rewarding in some internal
People have long considered general theories of motivation, and the question regarding the specific motives that direct and energize our human behavior has undergone tremendous speculation. To this day the question still stands: what is it that humans seek most in life? In an effort to answer this question, Abraham Maslow proposed what he called the hierarchy of needs. Maslow theorizes that human beings are motivated to fulfill this hierarchy, which consists of needs ranging from those that are basic for survival up to those that promote growth and self-enhancement (Kassin 300).
Once stated by Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” The aforementioned ideology places an emphasis on an individual’s internal desires, rather than an outside/external force driving the individual’s consciousness (cognitive evaluation.) Therefore intrinsic motivation is one in which an individual 's own desire comes from within; a relentless and genuine passion for an intended goal. On the contrary, when an individual relies on external factors such as, a reward or any other form of external reinforcement, an extrinsic motivation is exhibited. Although society likes to stress the importance in pursuing an internal motivation, in today 's modern world, an extrinsic factor far outweighs an internal desire to accomplish an objective.
The definition of intrinsic motivation is that the student has a drive or grit as a self motivator, “Intrinsic aspirations - to help other improve their lives, to learn, and to grow- or what we might think of as “purpose goals”( Pink 142). An extrinsic motivation is one of external drive such as wealth or getting a good grade in school. “Extrinsic aspirations- for instance, to become wealthy or to achieve fame- what we might call profit goals” (Pink 142) The difference between them is that the intrinsic is a desire from within the psych or an almost spiritual goal while the extrinsic
Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
Unlike many of his colleagues at the time who were focusing on psychopathology, or what is wrong with individuals, he focused on how individuals are motivated to fulfill their potential and what needs govern their respective behaviors (McLeod)). Maslow developed the hierarchy over time, adjusting from a rigid structure where needs must be met before being able to achieve a higher level, to where the individuals can experience and behave in ways across the hierarchy multiple times daily depending on their needs. The hierarchy is comprised of 5 levels; Physiological, Safety and Security, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization. The bottom two levels are considered basic needs, or deficiency needs because once the needs are met they cease to be a driving factor, unlike psychological needs. Loving and Belonging and Esteem needs are considered psychological needs, and are different from basic needs because they don’t stem from a lack of something, but rather the desire to grow. Maslow theorizes that individual’s decisions and behavior are determined based on their current level of needs, and the ideal level to achieve full potential culminates in self-actualization; however, operating on this level cannot be achieved until the preceding levels of needs have been
In this way, learning is an intrinsic and extrinsic motivation when it has become in a tool to face difficulties, grow and understand better the concerns that happened around me. The way learning gives me information to solve problems or to clear misunderstanding is the reason why it is my motivation.
According to Robert E. Quinn(p.205) there are two types of motivation (extrinsic and intrinsic). Extrinsic motivation refers to the source of motivation in which the behavior concern external factors such as money, praise or rewards. Whereas intrinsic motivation is the behavior which is internally concerning an individual.
A lot of various motivation theories were created by such authors as: Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herzberg, Douglas McGregor, David McClelland and others. In that particular paper the author will explore two motivation theories – Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and two factor theory of F. Herzberg.
Mullins (2002) classifies motivation into Intrinsic and Extrinsic types. Intrinsic motivation involves psychological rewards to enhance job satisfaction, such as the opportunity to use one's ability, a sense of achievement, receiving appreciation and positive recognition or being treated in a considerate manner (Mullins, 2002:P490). Such methods ensure employees are constantly motivated while being engaged in activities that are enjoyable and rewarding.
¡§Motivation¡¨ derives from the Latin verb ¡§movere¡¨ which means ¡§to move¡¨. Beck (2004, p.3) defined Motivation as an internal state which is the driving force that activates behaviour or gives directions to thoughts, feelings and actions of an organism.
Mullins (2002) also classifies motivation into Intrinsic and Extrinsic types. Intrinsic motivation involves psychological rewards to enhance job satisfaction, such as the opportunity to use one's ability, a sense of achievement, receiving appreciation and positive recognition or being treated in a considerate manner (Mullins, 2002:P490). Such methods ensure employees are constantly motivated while being engaged in activities that are enjoyable and rewarding.