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Comparison between virtue and ethics
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Virtue is defined as a morally good and desirable quality in a person. This leads us to wonder: Do you have to actively choose to be virtuous in your lifestyle, or is avoiding evil enough to be considered as a virtuous being? Did Ransom display active virtue in Out Of The Silent Planet? Must a person be righteous to obtain virtue? Though some take the side saying that virtue is an active choice, others disagree by stating that avoiding evil is sufficient for becoming virtuous. A person must actively choose to be virtuous because humans were not born virtuous, virtue is an attribute, and the trait must be learned.
Mankind was not born virtuous. Instead, they were born out of sin, and have sinful nature. For example, in Out of The Silent Planet,
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Making the proper choices is even harder when you don’t know what is right and wrong. For Ransom, he risked his life in his encounter with Hyoi the Hross, but his virtue shone through his fear when he decided to be friendly to the unknown creature. Even tracking back to before he was kidnapped, Ransom witnessed the abuse of a young boy and chose to step into the unknown danger by persuading the two men to release him. If Ransom hadn’t chosen to be virtuous in that scenario, the young man could have been in a much worse situation. Ransom actively chose to be virtuous and in the end, saved an innocent man from the grasp of …show more content…
When Ransom first arrived on Malacandra, he encountered one of the Hross, who he thought were dangerous creatures. Having had the mental depiction of an evil sorn created by Devine and Weston embedded in his mind, Ransom feared the mythical beings. Instead of trying to flee or attack the Hross, he did his best to understand the language of the Malachandrians and ended up befriending them. It took all of Ransom’s courage to approach Oyarsa, the wise king of Malacandra. It took even more virtue to admit that he was scared of the superior being and to be honest about his situation. Through his journey in the silent planet, Ransom learned to be virtuous and along the way, made some friends because of it.
Some people argue that avoiding evil is sufficient to be called virtuous. They attempt to support their argument by stating that there are only two options, which are good and evil. They say that by avoiding evil, you automatically become virtuous. However, this argument is invalid. Avoiding evil does not necessarily mean being virtuous. For example, imagine if the evil was the act of stealing. If you avoid stealing, does that make you virtuous? No, instead it keeps you in the neutral zone between virtue and evil. Therefore, even if a person avoids evil, they do not automatically become
Virtue ethics is an approach that “deemphasizes rules, consequences and particular acts and places the focus on the kind of person who is acting” (Garrett, 2005). A person’s character is the totality of his character traits. Our character traits can be goo...
History is flush with examples of men who not only avoided evil, but did good; there are no famous examples of men who simply avoided the evil. The latter men will not try to do evil things, or great things, they won’t kill or save, they won’t try to please the Devil or give glory to God. Often this type inaction will be a worse sin that acting with sinful intent. “Idle hands are the Devil’s workshop.” Being virtuous requires striving for moral excellence and a desire to be Christ-like, as Christ is the most virtuous man to ever live. Thus the definition for virtue is two-fold, requiring an avoidance of doing evil, and a dedication to doing good. The Character Ransom in “Out of the Silent Planet” has the first quality, but struggles with
“An idea (concept) of virtue which not be formally reflective or clarified bears some resemblance to religion, so that one might say either that it is a shadow of religion, or religion is a shadow of it” (Murdoch 363). Virtue and morality are not necessarily interchangeable, but religion and virtue both have a duty in common. Duty may be performed without strain or reflection of desire, which means your duty, or responsibility, should be performed without hesitation. “Dutifulness could be an account of a morality with no hint of religion” (Murdoch 364). Religion’s demand for morality and being good trumps a person’s decision to fulfill a personal/independent call to duty.
Throughout the past centuries, the concept of instinctive morality has been debated back and forth. One philosophy with a strong viewpoint on this subject is Puritanism, because they believe that since the beginning of the world, people have been born sinners. Puritans felt that Adam and Eve’s temptation by Satan had cursed all of humanity to be born evil. A few decades later, Deists shifted their ideas away from religion and believed that every person could choose whether they were good or bad. Then, Transcendental ideas began the thought that humans were born innately good, and that God and Satan had nothing to do with people’s morality. Throughout the major literary philosophies in the United States, one can see how the innate character of a human progresses from being evil to being innately good.
Although he is initially fearful, his experiences in Malacandra nurture the growth of his courage and help form him into a better person. His bravery is seen to be lacking in the beginning of the story, such as when he attempts to stop Weston and Devine from harming the boy Harry. Even though he tries, his attempts are weak and lack conviction, as he merely shouts at them. On Malacandra, he lives in almost complete fear for the first part of the story, running and hiding from creatures he knows nothing about. It is only his meeting with the Hross that convinces him that not all the inhabitants of this strange world are hostile towards him. In befriending the Hross, Ransom begins to form a more open mind towards Malacandra, still somewhat fearful but now beginning to see it more and more as a home. He later encounters the creatures he feared most, the Sorns, and learns that they too are not hostile. Gradually, Ransom becomes acquainted with all three species, and in talking to them and seeing their viewpoints on things begins to lose his fear. He even comes to care for Malacandra and its people, to the point where he tells Oyarsa he should kill not only Weston and Devine but himself to protect it. Ransom’s suggestion shows that his courage has blossomed to the point where his willingness to defend is much stronger than it was when he tried to defend the boy Harry, the valuable lessons learned from the
Humans are naturally immoral, and the only reason that they are moral is because civilization bred it into them. As we see in Lord of the Flies, all of the boys except Simon feel the urge to destroy and kill. They go on wild hunts for pigs, hurt each other for entertainment, and form a wild tribe where everything is run by the tyrannical Jack and the sadistic Roger. Even Piggy and Ralph feel some of the others’ mob mentality when everyone, as a group, kills Simon, the only boy with a civilized heart. His death symbolizes how mankind kills off all notions of sympathy with its cruel and evil heart. If it were not for the moralizing effects of civilization, No humans would be present who pity others.
Louden opens this section with this statement: “… it is commonplace that virtue theorists focus on good and bad agents rather than on right and wrong acts.” This is a good th...
Virtue is attained by the avoidance of evil and actions of good for three reasons: the word is defined as such, Ransom exemplifies it in this way, and Socrates regards it in this manner.
Humans are born sinful and are full of evil desires, like greed and selfishness. Individualism drives us apart and poisoned our mutual relationships” (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen 25). Kuyper says that, “Every creature, our Confessions says so beautifully, must serve man, so that man may serve God” (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen 23). Humans being are called to serve each other; in God’s commandments He says to love our neighbor as ourselves. Kuyper says, “…the cause of evil lay in this: that men regarded humanity as cut off from its eternal destiny, did not honor it as created in the image of God, and did not reckon with the majesty of the Lord” (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen 26). Kuyper says that “Our society is losing touch with Christ…” and that is the main problem with society (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen
The sinful nature refers to the inherited and innate drive of human beings toward sin because of the “original corruption” committed by Adam and Eve. Prior to Adam and Eve’s fall, they walked blameless and innocent in the Garden with God, without shame and without sin.
For example, self-control and endurance are two important virtuous qualities, however they may cause harm to a person or make him unhappy if practiced in wrong situations, for example, someone who endure in a corrupting marriage or proceed in a failing business. Likewise, a person who is courage can think of committing suicide. The lack of balancing your virtues like compassion, justice, morality and wisdom in these situations is certain to lead to the desire to die. Therefore, what is difficult appears to be deficient virtue not additional virtue. In addition, a person who values honesty and always speak the truth is a virtuous person, however, the same person might resort to lie in particular situations.
Virtue, then deals with those feelings and actions in which it is wrong to go too far and wrong to fall too short but in which hitting the mean is praiseworthy and good….
They strive for 100’s, but in doing so, they score 82. This is not 100, but it is still considered good and in a sense would be considered virtuous. Concluding, in America today virtue exists on a scale of maybe 70-100, resulting in degrees of virtue, but all encompassing the status of virtue. If virtuosity was held to the strict standards of Aristotle, humans would never act virtuously. Although still a minority, people of virtuous character exist more than as would be spelled out by Aristotle.
Are human beings born to be good? Or are we naturally born to be evil? A person’s nature or essence is a trait that is inherent and lasting in an individual. To be a good person is someone who thinks of others before themselves, shows kindness to one another, and makes good choices in life that can lead to a path of becoming a good moral person. To be a bad person rebels against something or someone thinking only of them and not caring about the consequences of their actions. Rousseau assumed, “that man is good by nature (as it is bequeathed to him), but good in a negative way: that is, he is not evil of his own accord and on purpose, but only in danger of being contaminated and corrupted by evil or inept guides and examples (Immanuel Kant 123).” In other words, the human is exposed to the depraved society by incompetent guardians or influences that is not of one’s free will in the view of the fact that it is passed on. My position is humans are not by nature evil. Instead, they are good but influenced by the environment and societies to act in evil ways to either harm others or themself.
It has more to do with character and the nature of what it is to be. human, than with the rights and wrongs of our actions. Instead of concentrating on what is the right thing to do, virtue ethics asks how. you can be a better person. Aristotle says that those who do lead a virtuous life, are very happy and have a sense of well-being.