Protists were a dominant form of life on Earth 1.5 billion years ago (Laybourn-Parry). A protozoa, a eukaryotic organism, has existed from the beginning of time and in various environments and conditions, such as hot and cold water. Their success is mainly due to their ability to adapt to their environments. Protists are mixotrophs, meaning that they are capable heterotrophy (secondary energy derivation through the consumption of other organisms) and autotrophy (primary energy derivation through the capture of sunlight or metabolism in the environment) (Laybourn-Parry). Scientists have been fascinated by protists and they have been studied throughout history. Having studied protists more in depth scientists have realized that …show more content…
The subclasses range from botany to entomology to microbiology. The study of protists, called protistology, and one of the main figures in this field was a Dutch scientist named Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Leeuwenhoek created hundreds of lenses to view microorganisms in units of water, and has been credited with the discovery of the vacuole in cells (Ford). A letter dated December 25, 1702, gives descriptions of many protists, including vorticella, which he viewed through his homemade microscopes (Ford). Leeuwenhoek would go on to study and document many other protists earning him the title, “The Father of …show more content…
Meaning that drinking unsanitized and unfiltered water can expose you to harmful types of microorganisms and other harmful things to take in such as dirt and decomposed plant life, which can lead to illness. The results of our experiments also answered our question, “Does water treatment kill all living things in the water? If the treated water is containing any microorganism then should we drink it?” Well as we studied local treated water in our experiments we did not find bacteria, but in the case of if you did find harmful or non-harmful bacteria in your water. Contact your local authorities so they can take care of the problem, but in the meantime drink bottled
The protozoan commonly known as the “water bear” is an extremophile that has engaged many in the scientific community. The Tardigrade is an invertebrate that has eight legs and comes in many shapes and sizes. This group has many adaptations such as cryptobiosis that allows it to survive in extreme environments. The Tardigrade can be found from land, to water, to sulfur springs, and to over 25 species found in the frozen tundra of Antarctica (Miller et al, 2001). To understand these creatures this paper will summarize the taxonomy, reproduction, food, and protective genetics, of the Tardigrades. The first section to this paper will examine is how these creatures are divided taxonomically.
Amoebae of the genus Naegleria are identified in part by their ability to create a temporary flagellate phase once exposed to nutritional scarcity. N fowleri is confirmed to be a typical eukaryotic protist by electron microscopy examination (Patterson et al., 1981).
The Precambrian Era is when the Earth formed. Earth was barley a spec of dust in outer space and as time went by it gathered ice, rock and more dust particles. It eventually formed into a big rock flying around in space. The Earth was extremely hot and so when it rained the rain would evaporate in mid air or immediately after it hit the ground. But even though it evaporated these great rains cooled the Earth eventually building up water in lower areas creating oceans. The Earths atmosphere was water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and gases. After awhile oxygen level grew in the atmosphere. The earliest life forms were single celled organisms that lived in the oceans. These organisms used light energy to produce food called photosynthesis. These were called Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The evolution of multi celled organisms were Dramatic in change.
Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers. Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2011. 268-69. Print.
...hemical energy from cyanobacteria (the only bacteria that can perform photosynthesis) 2.4 billion years ago (Wernergreen). The first chloroplast came into being about one billion years ago when a single-celled protist and a cyanobacterium came together through endosymbiosis, and this first photosynthesizing eukaryotic lineage was the ancestor of land plants, green algae, and red algae. Cyanobacteria and algae endosymbionts have spread photosynthetic capabilities in such a broad range (Wernergreen). In other words, heterotrophic prokaryote cells had taken in autotrophic photosynthetic bacteria cells. The ingested cell continued to provide glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis. The host cell protected as well as provided carbon dioxide and nitrogen for the engulfed cell and overtime both cells lost the aptitude to survive without each other (Weber and Osteryoung).
Drinking water is one of our basic needs in order to survive, therefore the water that we drink and cook with must be of a high quality, and filtered of any harmful contaminants.
No matter what, where, or who you are, water is a necessary component to keeping any organism alive. Although water is essential for life, in many places, clean drinking water is hard to find. There are many consequences to drinking contaminated water. Every year, three to five million people are attacked by water-borne diseases and over 100,000 of them die. One fatal disease that can kill within hours is cholera.
Three Medical Doctors wrote the book, The Water We Drink: Water Quality and Its Effects on Health. Their names are Joshua I. Barzilay, M.D., Winkler G. Weinberg, M.D., and J. William Eley, M.D. In order to put the issue of drinking water quality and its effects on health into perspective, the book is divided into three parts. It first reviews the history of water, disease, and sanitation. The next section deals with health issues. At the conclusion of the book are chapters regarding bottled water and methods of purification. The intent of the book is to educate consumers.
In the Protagoras, both Socrates and Protagoras make an argument as to whether or not virtue can or cannot be taught. The story begins with a young man, who is a friend of Socrates to want to learn from Protagoras who happens to be quite a well-known and knowledgably person. In order to receive this lesson the young man must pay Protagoras in order to learn from him, this causes Socrates to become concerned as he does not like the idea of paying someone to teach them ideas or thoughts. This causes the main argument for the debate between Socrates and Protagoras as Socrates is sceptical on whether or not Protagoras can teach someone to be good or virtuous.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a scientist and was best known for his contributions to microbiology; he received the title of "the Father of Microbiology” and dedicated many years of his life to improve the microscope in order to attain incredible heights of precision of the microscopic lenses. He produced magnifications from up to 275X, with a resolving power of up to 1.4 µm. Moreover, he presented his findings from the material of animals and vegetables in extraordinary detail as well as being the first to observe a glimpse of bacteria that he found in water; the first illustration of the bacteria is demonstrated in a representation by Leeuwenhoek in the 1683 “Philosophical Transactions” publication. In this publication, Leeuwenhoek wrote to the Royal Society about his observations of the inside of an old man’s mouth. He found "an unbelievably great company of living animalcules [Latin for ‘little animals’], a-swimming more nimbly than any I had ever seen up to this time. The biggest sort... bent their body into curves in going forwards. . . Moreover, the other animalcules were in such enormous numbers, that all the water... seemed to be alive." These were among the first observations on living bacteria ever recorded.
Researchers have stated that plastic bottles containing water can contain many deadly chemicals. After close examination of the plastic, researchers concluded that some plastics contain chemicals, like phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), endocrine disrupters, and cancer, may percolate into the water, especially after being stagnant for long periods of time. Likewise, bottled water is not exposed to the rigorous testing tap water endures. Thus, bottled water is more inclined to be contaminated or a source of infection. Tap water is subjected to daily safety testing, bottled water, however, is only tested monthly at the source; twenty-two percent of the water tested contained contaminant levels that exceeded strict health limits. Safety of the people could be secured through banning water bottles.
...of ancient prokaryotes into eukaryotic cells which gives rise to the present-day model of life is wondrous enough, but the fact that the organelles work in such efficient harmony, seemingly directed like well crafted machinery is another ponderous development. The layout of life begins with the cell. Without it there is no life even on a microscopic level. To imagine that giant beasts of the Jurassic and Triassic periods such Triceratops and Liopleurodon being sharing the same base parts as some as infinitesimally small as an amoeba or a plankton is astonishing. What's more amazing though is the fact it is readily provable and verifiable. In the study of life, the make up of all creature is known at a basic level. Even without the the scientists to explain the facts, the facts themselves are immutable in terms of defining the make up and rules of existence of life.
Having clean water to drink means that water must have microbial, chemical and physical characteristics that meet WHO guidelines or national standards on drinking water quality. Around 780 million people in the world don’t have access to clean drinking water (Millions Lack Safe Water). More than 3.4 million people die each year from water, sanitation, and hygiene-related causes. Nearly all deaths, 99 percent, occur in developing countries. Around the world, diseases in unclean water kill about 1,400 children every day (Clean Drinking Water). There are many organizations that raise money in order to help develop ways or create ways for people to obtain clean drinking water. However, many people are unaware that this is even a problem in other countries because we take clean water for granted.
The consumption of contaminated water can be dangerous for health reasons and several people have passed away from these water-borne diseases. Some of these diseases include Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Giardiasis, and Malaria. These unfortunate diseases are currently the cause of numerous deaths, especially in small children. The availability of clean water can prevent many problems in low-income communities. The available resources for clean water are very rare, so these water sources need to pass through a process of water sanitation in order to just be sustainable to drink, “The world’s surface is made up of approximately 80% water, which is an indestructible substance.
Water plays such an important role in our daily lives. 70% of our body is composed of water. 70% of the earth surface is also made up of water, but out of the 70%, only 1/3 of water is consumable. In fact, this amount has been continuously to decrease as more and more industries began to pollute and damage the water. For example, many toxic chemicals may be released into the water thus making the water impure. Such pollutions and damages lead the water to be contaminated and inconsumable as it may cause severe diseases. Water purification can remove all the unnecessary bacteria and viruses from the water that is hazardous for our health. Water purification may also improve the flavor and appearance of water. It removes the unpleasant odor. Therefore, water purification became one of the most useful and popular process used by people all over the world today. It is by far the most recommended and safest water treatment that is commonly used to purify damaged water into consumable water. Water purification provides us with safe, pure and clean water to consume and use.