Gated communities are residential areas developed in a restricted access in which public space is privatized (Blakey & Snyder, 1997). Gated community is a form of residential community containing strictly controlled entrances and often surrounding by a walls, fences or barriers. They are now a feature of the urban landscape in most cities around the world. It is including a wide range of facilities or amenities for collective use. The smaller communities may be just a park or other public area, and the large communities may include most of the daily activities which the residents can stay in the community for all activities. There is a common interest in development, but separate from purposive communities (Sorkin, 1992; Ellin, 1997 and 1999; Madanipour,1996 and 2003; Carmona, et al. 2003). 2. Definition of Gated Communities Gated communities are generic term that …show more content…
Some have security guard in the guard booth to ensure that only residents pass the gate, while others use an automatic gate that residents must pass through with a key card or remote control. There are several other terms used by researchers to replace gated communities, such as “guard-gated communities” (Ajibola et al., 2011), “barrios cerrados” (Atkinson, Blandy, Flint, & Lister, 2005), “urbanizaciones privadas” (Bowers & Manzi, 2006) or “condom´nios fechados” (Coy, 2006), and “gated residential communities” Pouder & Clark, 2009). However, there is no specific definition of the concept of gated community, just several terms and definitions given with reference to perception that vary considerably. The most commonly used synonym definitions that researchers use to refer to gated communities are the definitions given by Blakely and Synder. Blakely & Synder (1997) defined gated community as “residential areas
Ethnicities wanted to be with their own race. This began the movement of the development of ethnic neighborhoods. Although many et...
Although restricting new constructions might seem relevant, it imposes costs to the society at large. Stopping housing constructions in attractive areas increase the housing prices. The federal housing policy decreases the home mortgage interest rate, which encourages people to own houses in the suburbs. This results in higher carbon emissions. However, this could be lower through carbon tax. Human face-to-face interaction is critical. New technological advancements increase productivity. Overall, the sustaining gift of the cities reflects the social nature of humanity (p.
She also introducing new urban building standards. This this article she talks about, the idea some people have of tearing it down and rebuilding. She also talks about ideas people have about some parts of towns. In Boston, she talks about the area of North End, and the change that it was over gone. During her second visit to this area, she discovered that it had changed. She talked to other about it, although the statistic were higher than the city, the people still saw it as a slum. They felt that they needed to tear it down in order to build something better. This leads to the conclusion that the urban planners to do understand that the people of the city need. They have ideas that were developed years ago that they are still using. These ideas do not take account what the people want. The author also introducing new ideas of a perfect city to live in and what it would look like. The idea of a garden city was introduced. This city would be built around a park. Although the new ideas sounded great they could not be put into place today. The idea of a Garden City is something that sounds nice, but it is not possible in society today. Today a city should reflect economic status, and in order to achieve this the city should be big, and convey an image of power. A city that has aspects of nature in it would not convey that image. That upkeep of a city of that kind would also be difficult. The do understand the author's point of view. The planners often times do not take into account the desires of the people. The town that I grow up in want to become more urbanized. In order to do this, they are building a large shopping center. This shopping center is located in the canyon rim. This canyon rim has been important the people for many years. We come to the area to walk, what bass jumpers, and enjoy the scenic views. This new shopping center took away this area. Many of the people
Land use in the district of North Vancouver has been a very sensitive issue for many years. In this area, population growth has been substantial, especially because of the area's popular outdoor recreation opportunities. It is this relationship between population pressure and outdoor 'green zones'1 that is at the heart of the conflict in North Vancouver district. Residents are very passionate about, and emotionally attached to, the natural mountainous surroundings. Thus, when development plans were slated for Mountain Forest and Cove Forest, residents did not want development to take place in 'their forests.' The critical question is, how to incorporate influxes of people into a limited amount of urban area while keeping current residents satisfied?
Around 1200 B. C. The Olmecs originated as a primitive people living and farming on the shores of Mexico (Stanton 91). Soon, however, they began to build cities such as San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Monte Alban. These “cities” were religious centers where people gathered to worship, and were not populated (Stanton 91). The first of these centers, San Lorenzo, was built c. 1150 B.C., on a flat topped, man-made mountain. It was mysteriously abandoned 200 years later (Stanton 92-93).
Gentrification is the keystone for the progression of the basic standards of living in urban environments. A prerequisite for the advancement of urban areas is an improvement of housing, dining, and general social services. One of the most revered and illustrious examples of gentrification in an urban setting is New York City. New York City’s gentrification projects are seen as a model for gentrification for not only America, but also the rest of the world. Gentrification in an urban setting is much more complex and has deeper ramifications than seen at face value. With changes in housing, modifications to the quality of life in the surrounding area must be considered as well. Constant lifestyle changes in a community can push out life-time
“gentrification as an ugly product of greed”. Yet these perspectives miss the point. Gentrification is a byproduct of mankind's continuing interest in advancing the notion that one group is more superior to another and worthy of capitalistic consumption with little regard to social consciousness. It is elitism with the utmost and exclusionary politics to the core. This has been a constant theme of mankind taking or depleting space for personal gain.
It has been given due priority in urban design and planning for promoting social cohesion as a constituent concept of the sense of belonging and community values through ethnic mixing to deal with challenges of multiculturalism in the West especially in England and Canada. The limitation of social cohesion to deal with multicultural challenges has led to contemporary planning imaginations that emphasize the meaningful engagements among different cultures. In the multicultural context, although contemporary planning imaginations do not directly refer to the role of public space at the level of local living per se, it nevertheless consider the significance of socio-physical setting public space provides for 'meaningful intercultural interactions' (Sennet, 1994), ‘openness to unassimilated otherness’ (Donald, 1999) and, as settings for ‘active civic engagements with clearly defined goal’ (Sandercock 2003). Trying to deal with the problematic of contested nature of public space in multicultural context, these imaginations in a way argue for the active civil engagements in public space through broad social participation with clearly defined goal for promoting social and civic solidarity by maintaining the meaningful distance or unassimilated otherness to live together
The concept of place, home and community is a transnational and trans-community concept. Human places have just recently been given political boundaries. Previously, human boundaries were determined the same way that animal, plant, and ecosystem boundaries were defined. They were defined by ecology and they were defined by geography of region and hemisphere.
Conceptually Kurbin (2009) noted that there are a wide variety of things in which constitute a neighborhood, therefore making it quite difficult to conceptually define. Kurbin (2009) also noted that in terms of operationalization, neighborhoods are often measured in different measurements, thus making the boundaries of a city often difficult to track and measure. What constitutes a neighborhood and how a neighborhood should exactly be measured are issues associated with social disorganization theory that have yet to be fully resolved (Kurbin,
...e people began to settle in villages the beginning of social class and government were formed to maintain order and a sense of security as a community. Other technological advances were made as well including the making of bronze to form stronger weapons and permanent homes.
Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
Thus, the reality of places is constructed through social actions including both individual and collective efforts, through informal associations and institutions of government and the economy, rather than through the inherent qualities (Logan and Lolotch, 1987, p.45). Hence, the conclusion is well constructed. The authors effectively use 'compare and contrast' structure and 'cause and effect' structure in the chapter to build and enhance their argument. They also back up their arguments citing various researchers throughout the chapter, in almost all the sections, making their argument more persuasive. Logan and Molotch enhances the
Prior to reading the course materials concerning ethnic space, I initially sought to predict possible descriptions for an ethnic space, by incorporating class discussions and themes into my thought processes. As a result, I contemplated that perhaps, the definition closely resembles either an area with one main ethnic group, or conversely, an area filled with many diverse ethnic groups. Subsequently, I read the essays regarding ethnic space, in order to infer the meaning of an ethnic space. In particular, the essay by Robert J. Rodino provided considerable insight on the subject of ethnic enclaves. According to Rodino, an ethnic enclave occurs when a particular ethnic group of people live amid the dominant ethnic group (Rodino 94). Even though this definition carries a political connotation, it still provided a degree insight to my understanding. However, when Rodino used the term “ethnic community,” in the context of an ethnic enclave, I recognized the relationship between the two (Rodino 100). That being said, an ethnic community, or space, is a component of an ethnic enclave. The idea of an ethnic community resonated with me to appropriately express an ethnic space. Therefore, I decided to incorporate that into my interpretation of an ethnic space, along with my personal experiences. All things considered, an ethnic space is when a city displays a prominent cultural ambience, due to the prevalent ethnic group within that area. Similarly, due to my contrasting cultural experiences, Rowland Heights displays this prominent cultural environment, due to the prevalent ethnic group of the city. On the whole, these factors contribute to the ways in which Rowland Heights appropriately exemplifies this classification of an ethnic
Cities together lacks the social and strains moving from the core. Regions develop communities based off “income, race and fascial conditions” (Ameregis 3). One community has problems, including weak tax bases, poverty and lack of resources. Another community fully developed may have a low poverty rate, weak tax bases and suffering from social needs. Only a select percentage according to the Revenue Study have strong tax bases, expensive housing and great investment development.