1. Introduction
Constant progress monitoring at construction sites is crucial to reducing cost and schedule overruns and enhancing quality control, documentation, and communication [1]. Therefore, there has been extensive research on automating the monitoring processes to ensure that the project managers can make informed decisions and take preventive measures at the right time. The state-of-the-art technologies for automated progress monitoring mainly include radio frequency identification (RFID) and three-dimensional (3D) model-based approaches such as laser scanning and vision-based augmented reality methods.
Nonetheless, these methods mostly have been employed and studied for outdoor progress monitoring or have not shown enough accuracy
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Furthermore, tags cannot be installed on most indoor construction component and cannot indicate the progress for partially completed tasks. Laser scanners are expensive, time consuming, need experts to operate them and do not perform well indoors [2]. In addition, laser scanners do not provide accurate point clouds of reflective materials such as metals (e.g. studs in interior walls) and suffer a technical issue known as mixed pixel phenomenon, associated with spatial discontinuities, which results in loss, noisiness, and low accuracy of edges in 3D models [2]. The vision-based augmented reality methods, though not studied specifically for indoors, appear to have outperformed other means of automated progress monitoring. In one of the only studies on the applications of augmented reality for indoor construction site [3], an object-based 3D walk-through, based on the principle first introduced in [4], was presented. Even though it did provide a framework for the application of augmented reality for indoor construction site, it was still labor-intensive as it required manual entering of spatial-temporal information including the time, location and viewpoint for each frame. Moreover, model-based methods such …show more content…
Fixed cameras cannot operate indoors as they require line-of-sight and intrude on indoor construction processes. Therefore, they’re mostly used only in the early stages of construction and lose their effectiveness as erected walls start to obstruct their line-of-sight [6]. It has been found in a comprehensive survey conducted in [6], that the interior construction sites are the area that cameras have the least impact due to obstruction of line-of-sight. Unfortunately, this hugely affects the impact of the current research on indoor vision-based progress monitoring techniques. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), equipped with different sensors and a camera, can be one solution to this problem as they provide fast, easy, and cost-effective access to high-resolution images of different locations of complex indoor construction site. The use of autonomous ( or manually controlled) UAVs completely automates the data collection phase, reduces the need for labor-intensive and regular manual inspections, and therefore significantly eliminates the non-value adding processes [7]. Furthermore, the cost, previously proved to be the main barrier for practical implementation of cameras at indoor construction sites [6], hugely is reduced as there’s no need for
The paper presents a detailed discussion on implementation of BIM in a construction project by defining a BIM team in the various phases of construction i.e. from conception to commissioning. Also, the paper presents a brief discussion on processing the information utilizing the i-rooms.
Augmented Reality(AR) is the technology which integrates virtual objects with the real world by superimposing Virtuality in real environment. Azuma properly defines Augmented Reality as a variation of Virtual Reality. As Virtual Reality completely involves a user into virtual environment, however one cannot see the real world surrounding him. Whereas, AR allows users to experience the real world with virtual objects super imposed on them. Instead of replacing reality, AR advocates it (Kaufmann 2003). The very first Augmented Reality interface had been developed by Sutherland in 1960’s (Zhou et al. 2008). In recent years Augmented Reality has been marking its popularity very well. The same trend has been observed in the research articles reviewed in the research.
There can be percentage errors and uncertainties or heat loss in surrounding while executing the experiment.
Augmented Reality (AR) is a real time direct or indirect view of the physical real world that is enhanced or augmented with computer generated information. AR is both interactive and registered in 3D, combining real and virtual objects. AR enhances a user’s perception of the real world and the way they interact with it. The augmented Reality’s main purpose is simplifying the user’s life, by bringing virtual information to their immediate surroundings through an indirect view of the real-world environment. Although augmented reality is like Virtual reality (VR), AR is an enhanced view of the real world, where VR is a pure virtual environment.
When starting construction on a new building, there are plenty of things that can and will go wrong. You will start to lay out the plumbing and find that it clashes with a wall or beam that cannot be moved. To finish your project, you must take more time and more money to adjust to the new layout. Another scenario is the owners won’t let you start construction because they can’t see the end result or where the specific design implements that had asked for are located. For the past few decades the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry has been looking for a solution to this problem. Projects would be set back due to design oversights. Without anything to predict these problems before they happen, these little setbacks were a common occurrence. Once building information modeling (BIM) was born, it was like their prayers had been answered. The future was here.
.... Without knowledge of the reliability and validity of these two instruments we are unable to know if the instruments are consistent or if they measure what they intend to measure.
Now days, companies are searching for new ways of gathering data so that they can get useful data in order to make well informed decisions regarding the market they are operating in. Google analytics is considered one of the best tools offers extensive amount of data to business owners for free. However, the success of business is highly depended on how well they can arrange data and customize their collected data corresponded to their business priorities. Google analytics provides beneficial information for companies regardless of their extent of operation.
Possible sources of error in this experiment include the inaccuracy of measurements, as correct measurements are vital for the experiment.
When trying to design for automated construction systems, all parameters of a construction process must be integrated accurately and constantly to satisfy relevant parties, and finally, the quality of construction materials and products in terms of geometry, physical and design aspects will be changed. In order to reach automated construction goals, all the following aspects have to be fulfilled:
The final part of the paper will look specifically into spatial augmented reality and its potential by examining research that has been conducted by universities and research boards.
Augmented Reality challenged the dealers and producers to provide the customers with an interactive experience for shopping. LEGO was one such company that was successful in creating such an application. They created an augmented reality application, such that when it when the customer places the product in front of this machine, they could see the packaging of the desired model and also view a virtual 3D view of what it would look like when it is completed. This application is created using 2nd generation Intel core i7 processors which power the Digital Box Kiosks, which in turn produces striking 3D details of the products. This LEGO Digital Box Kiosks are available in all LEGO stores and also other large toy stores (Metaio GmbH, 2010).
The ability to superimpose real-time computer animation onto the real world is commonly known as augmented reality (AR). AR differs from virtual reality where it requires the real time markers for it to function. It allows merging of virtual information with the real environment to provide users with more immersive interaction with their surroundings. AR provides new experience of the real world that is unlike another computer animation that draws the users away from the real world and onto the screen (Hainich & Rolf, 2006).
This paper explores what it takes to be a construction manager and the responsibilities of being a construction manager and the skills that a construction manager should have. It also explores what good construction managers do to have success on their construction projects and the steps that a construction manager must follow to end a project and meet their deadlines at the same
A source indicates that researches have shown that if augmented reality will be applied, it may enhance the educational level of the students. Thus, augmented reality still has its dilemmas such as the costs of its development and maintenance. Meanwhile, augmented reality is being developed to be used in the daily real life easily. Due to the development of the new computers and the applications tha...
“X-Ray Vision / Depth Perception: When AR system was being built, one of its main agendas was to allow users to view objects which have been obstructed by real world objects. This was achieved by showing the position of the obstructed object. However such a system had its own problems. First of all, the alignment of virtual object...