More handpicked essays just for you.
Primary health care component
Importance of community participation in primary health care
Primary health care assignment
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Principles and Components of Primary Health Care
According to World Health Organization (1978), primary health care is defined as a universally accessible health care that is socially acceptable, affordable and requires individuals to be more self-reliant with their health care needs. Primary health care has many goals, but the most important is introducing the importance of self-reliance to individuals. The main objective of primary health care is to provide better health for all. In order to accomplish this goal, the world health organization stated five key goals. “The five key goals are: firstly, to reduce exclusion and social health disparities, that is the universal coverage reforms. Secondly, to organize health services based on individuals need and expectation, that is service delivery reforms. Thirdly, to integrate health into all industry sectors, that is public policy reforms. Moving on, the Fourth key goal is leadership reforms and lastlyto increase stakeholder participation”
In 1978, the World Health Organization adopted the declaration of Alma-Ata. The declaration, named after the host city, Almaty, Kazakhstan (formerly known as Alma-Ata) outlined the organization’s stance towards health care made available for all people in the world (Mcmurray, 2011). The declaration stated that health is a “fundamental human right and that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important social goal whose realization requires the action of many other social and economic sectors in addition to the health sector”. The declaration also defined the essential components of primary health care, which helped outline a means of providing health care globally. Thus, this assignment focusses on the principles and co...
... middle of paper ...
...iorating. The community health nurse should do outreach programmes to those areas where people do not have access to health services.
(2200 words)
REFERENCES
Dengue Outbreak. (2014, March 21). The Fiji Times, p.2.
McMurray, A. Cledon, J. (2011). Community Health and Wellness: Primary Health Care in Practice. (4th ed).Sydney: Elsevier. www.ehow.com/about_5502792-principles-primary-health-care.html. Retrieved on 28th March, 2014. www.ehow.com/about_6308030_role-primary-health-care.html. Retrieved on 28thMarch, 2014. www.ehow.com/about_5502792-principles-primary-health-care.html. Retrieved on 20th March, 2014. http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/primary-health-care-definition-goal-principles-and-strategies/. Retrieved on 1st April, 2014. www.communityhealth.in/-commun26/wiki/index.php?title=Primary_health_care #Essential_components_of_primary_health_care
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, Unit 3, ‘Social Care In The Community’, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
The second key point focuses on primary care. To be able to have health care that is functional and effective it starts with primary care. “A robust primary care system is the cornerstone for a more equitable health care system” (Fiscella, 2011). Restructuring of this program in certain areas is important “payment reform, enhancing the training pipeline, transforming practice, and buttressing the primary care safety net” (Fiscella, 2011).
Typically NP’s provide health services in rural areas where they are the only source of medical services and this had n...
Health care spending consumes a significant proportion of the national budget. As a result, good management practices should be part of providing cost-effective care to the community. The nursing profession is effective in providing primary care to the community. Even though the practice dates to the 19th century, its significance emerged in the previous decade as a result of changing demographics and global environment. It compliments health care policies through comprehensive nursing assessment, monitoring progress and early intervention. Additionally, it facilitates referrals and social support services such as education to promote self-reliance among people at risk. It combines biophysical, psychological, social knowledge and experience to develop capacity in health care provision. Therefore, the role of public health nursing is changing from contemporary generalist services to specialized and advanced roles in dealing with shifts in demographics, sociological and cultural factors that affect the health of the community.
In the USA the quality and quanity of primary care will render better health for the people. Universal healthcare, “will be associated with better population health outcomes including lower mortality rates, rates of premature death and hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and higher infant birth weight, life expectancy, and satifaction with the healthcare system”(Niti, Ng). “Studies in the US have also indicated that universal healthcare availabitity in community is correlated with both better health outcomes and decrease in utilization of more expensive types of health services” (Chang). Broader health care coverage leads to tremendous population health improvements. There are 45 million people in the USA that are uninsured, with universal healthcare every person will have access to care. This could mean life or death for many people, if they can catch an illness early that is improved healthcare. This should be obvious to the average person, the thought process should be to say yes the USA needs universal
National health systems are assessed by the extent to which expenditure and actions in public health and medical care contributes to the crucial social goals of improving health, increasing access to quality healthcare, reducing health disparities, protecting citizens from penury due to medical e...
This is more holistic approach in the sense that it ‘involves the promotion of health, preventing of disease, the treatment of illness, the care for those who are disabled and continuous developm...
Harkness, G. A. & Demarco, R. (2012). Community and public health nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Edwards, N. C., Etowa, J., Peterson, W. E., & Kennedy, M. A. (2012). Community health
There are many inequities in this global world; should there be such gross inequities in the health of people around the world? We hear words like health gap, health care inequality and sustainability. What can be done to eliminate the health gap, health care inequities and maintain sustainability? The World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations, private and public are working towards eliminating these disparities. Healthy People 2020 are one such goal that has achieved considerable progress in attaining sustainability in the pursuit of global health goals (Gostin et al., 2013). The health gap can be minimized through health strategies. Among them are essentials for all in this global world; clean air, water, healthy food and adequate housing with hygienic living conditions. Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention and care services should be available to all who seek health care services.
Primary health care is the indispensable care based on the real – world, systematically sound, socially adequate technique and technology which made unanimously available to the families and every individuals in the community through their fully involvement where the community is capable to afford at a cost to uphold at every phase of their growth in the essence of self-reliance and self-government. Primary health care in international health is associated with the global conference held at Alma Ata in 1978; the conference that promoted the initiative health for all by the year 2000. “Primary health care defined broadly at Alma Ata emphasized universal health care across to all individuals and families , encouraged participation by community members in all aspects of health care planning and implementation and promoted the delivery of care that would be scientifically sound , technically effective , socially relevant and acceptable” (Janice E.Hitchcock,2003). Primary health care is commonly viewed as a level of care or as the entry point to the health care system for its client. It can also taken to mean a particular approach to care which is concerned with containing care, accessibility, community involvement and collaboration between other sectors. The primary health care policy has some principals that have been designed to work together and be implemented simultaneously to bring about a better health outcome for the entire society.
Public Health Nursing (PHN) aims to improve the wellbeing of the population by promoting health and preventing disease among all people in the communities (Public Health Nursing, 2013). The PHN utilizes the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention to help improve the health of the communities. The PHN process is applied to all levels of practice. Interventions are “actions take on behalf of individuals, families, systems, and communities to improve or protect health status” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012, p. 191). This paper will identify PHN interventions such as screening, outreach, and referral and follow-up, health teaching, and counseling that was identified in the PHN in the 21st Century project that this author completed as part of the PHN experience. This paper will also identify if the interventions were at the community, system or individual/family level.
The five principles of HP include building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, strengthening community action, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services (McMurray & Clendon 2015). The first principle aims to incorporate health into all public policy decisions beyond the health system so that living and working conditions become conducive to health and equity (Germov, Freij & Richmond 2015). According to McMurray & Clendon (2015), multi-sectoral collaboration is required among different sectors, such as education, industry and social welfare, with the reciprocally influential policies that guide the community health. The second principle emphasises the socio-ecological approach to health that promotes sustainable environment and broader social support systems that encourage a safe and satisfying life (Germov, Freij & Richmond 2015; McMurray & Clendon 2015). This principle requires to acknowledge the significance of conserving the physical or social resources that allow people to maintain health (McMurray & Clendon 2015). The third principle focuses on information and learning opportunities that enable communities to make knowledgeable choices for better health (McMurray & Clendon
This is a community profile that aims to identify a specific health improvement issue within a geographically local community. A community profile is an attempt to describe a particular community or neighbourhood. It uses a variety of different techniques to build up a picture of the community from a number of perspectives’ (Barnardos.org.uk, 2004) including several components of a community such as its demographic characteristics, patterns and trends i.e. its epidemiology in order to make comparisons between different localities to determine areas needful of specific health improvements with the goal of improving local people’s health and reducing health inequalities. A core definition of community as distinguished by Macqueen and Mclellan et al (2001) is ‘a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings’. The purpose of community profiling is to identify and understand health-related issues, inequalities and needs within a community; with the intention of determining the factors that influence people’s health and wellbeing within that given community in order to highlight gaps in provision to contribute towards making positive health improvements and improving the quality of life of the community.
It should consider the health needs of the population and the health care resources in the community including services offered in institutional