Every day in the world millions of individuals are dealing with a high number of decisions. The majority of them are in some way connected to a core economic factor, money. In fact, everyone tries to buy a product at a convenient price, the lowest possible, in order to get some kind of benefit trying to maintain a low expenditure at the same time.
We are surrounded by thousands of producers and retailers who offer a huge amount of products which are very similar but sold at different prices. This phenomenon of charging a buyer with different prices for the same product or service is called price discrimination. Initially, it seems that setting different prices and being big-hearted with consumers, has no direct connection with profit maximisation. But it is the contrary, price discrimination enhances the profit. Its secret consists in picking up the consumer surplus when they are buying
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The first type of price discrimination, also called perfect price discrimination, occurs when a firm sets the single highest price that somebody is willing to pay for it, catching up the consumer surplus. The second consists in charging different prices according to the quantity bought by the consumer; generally the price tends to decrease as the quantity of the product increases. And the third and last price discrimination involves dividing the consumers in diverse markets and charging them with a different price (Gravelle, Rees, 2004, p. 194-204). In addition to that, the firms that price discriminate have to meet some conditions. First of all they have to be price makers, thus regulating the price as they want; secondly, the firm has to sell a good which is not going to be involved in further exchange at a higher price; as third and last consideration, the market needs to be well organized so as to classify the different categories of buyers according to their willingness to pay (Littenberg and Tregarthen 2009, p.
A couple of Squares has a limited capacity for which to produce their products and smaller companies tend to have larger fixed costs than bigger companies. Therefore, A Couple of Squares must maximize profits in order to ensure that they will stay in business. A profit-oriented pricing objective is also useful because of A Couple of Squares’ increased sales goals. A Couple of Squares increased their sales goals due to recent financial troubles. Maximizing profits is the easiest way to meet these sales goals due to the fact that A Couple of Squares has limited production capacity. The last key consideration favors a profit-oriented pricing objective because A Couple of Squares offers a specialty product. A specialty product often has limited competition, therefore can be priced on customer value. Pricing at customer value will maximize profits as well as customer satisfaction. A Couple of Squares’ lack of production capacity, increased sales goals, and specialty product favor a profit-oriented pricing
Due to the various options of distribution channels their prices vary. Consumers take that into consideration when purchasing their products.
Dr. Joshua Hall’s book, Homer Economicus: The Simpsons and Economics tells stories from the popular television series The Simpsons to show how economics are visible in everyday life. The popularity of the show helps portray different economic concepts in a new light that are relatable and easy to understand for all new economic readers. The book gives comedic examples of the most important economic principles to the most difficult economic principles, but truly helps every reader master the microeconomic fundamentals within a three part book. Part I focuses on economic decision making and how certain behaviors affect economic output and viability. Part II focuses on money, markets, and government and how much effect they have in economics.
The Economy is the backbone to society. There are many factors that operate in, and govern our society’s economical structure. Factors such as scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, microeconomics, macroeconomics, factors of production, production possibilities, law of increasing opportunity cost, economic systems, circular flow model, money, and economic costs and profits all contribute to what is known as the economy. These properties as well as a few others, work together to influence the economy. Microeconomics and Macroeconomics are two major components. Both of these are broken down into several different components that dictate societal norms and views.
Price discrimination can be defines as when a firm offers an “individual good at different prices to different consumers” The Library of Economics and Liberty elaborates on its pricing strategy, stating Comcast offers different pricing depending on what features the consumer desires. For instance, the cable company will charge a higher price to a person who uses several services as part of their cable package. Conversely, the firm charges a very low price to someone who would “otherwise not be interested” , providing basic services at a minimum price. It takes advantage of the regulation imposed on the cable industry by offering the required basic package at seemingly attractive prices. Using this pricing system allows for it to attract different consumers whose maximum price they are willing to pay differs. Recently, Comcast attempted a new billing strategy by introducing a data usage cap. It essentially expanded on the company’s existing price discrimination method by charging customers according to how much data they used each month. Comcast also utilizes penetration pricing, where it offers its product at low prices to attract new consumers, later raising the prices once the customer is subscribed for a certain amount of time. Generally it claims the original prices were promotional only, lasting only a small amount of
Helgeson, James G., and Eric G. Gorger. "The Price Weapon: Developments In U.S. Predatory Pricing Law." Journal Of Business-To-Business Marketing 10.2 (2003): 3. Business Source Complete. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
The competition and consumer act aims to discourage price discrimination in the business environment if the discrimination could substantially reduce competition. An example of price discrimination would be Apple with the distribution of IPhone 5c around the world, the prices vary from $500-$1,500(local currency). The IPhone 5c is less-profitable for Apple but still the price range has a big gap e.g., in Singapore the iPhone costs $948, but in the UK it costs $529 . There are three types of price discrimination (first degree, second degree and third degree) and they all discriminate differently. The price discrimination in business will increase revenue, they will attract more consumers and will enable companies to stay in business. The consequences for price discrimination is that the manufacture/business will get sued by consumers for price discrimination especially when paying higher prices, decline in consumer surplus, there may be administrative costs of separating the markets etc. However, Price discrimination has a lot of impacts on consumers and business owner 's around the world but most importantly it affects people that have been discriminated over the price for the same
When it comes to financial planning, economics plays a major factor in people’s personal finances in many ways, it is an essential part of the world we live in today. When you buy gas, or shop for groceries, plan a vacation, economics is at the core of those choices. So why does economics play such a vital role, what is the driving force behind this? In its simplest form, it’s based on choice. We will look at a few factors that impacts financial planning and the economy, including the use of credit, and how the government affects the economy.
According to Sloman (2003), many people think that economics is about money. Well, to some extent this is true. Economics has a lot to do with money: with how much money people are paid; how much they spend; what is costs to buy various items; how much money firms earn; how much money there is in total in the economy. But despite the large number of areas in which our lives are concerned with money, economics is more than just the study of money. It is concerned with the production of goods and services and the ...
Economics is probably the science that arguably has had the most impact in today’s times. In fact it can barely be called a science in a strict sense, since human behavior is not governed by laws of nature unlike other non living objects, which makes the prediction and forecasting stock prices, economic conditions all the more difficult. In recent decades economists have tried to give a more structured and mathematical explanation to their theories concerning how human beings make their decisions. However these theories have come under immense criticism as they don’t hold true in real time. In reality, human beings rarely behave rationally which is the basic assumption in many of the economic theories; rather we make a lot of our decisions based on our intuition and limited knowledge available to us. When the financial crisis of 2008 came upon us, a lot of questions were raised on the apparent predictive abilities of the various economic theories. Merely 12 economists were able to foresee the massive crisis which now shows signs of deepening into a double dip recession.
An oligopolistic market has a small number of sellers dominating market share and therefore barriers to entry are high. These sellers are highly competitive and do not act independently of each other. Access to information is limited so sellers can only speculate of their competitor’s actions. Sellers will take advantage of competitor’s price changes in order to increase market share.
The second market structure is a monopolistic competition. The conditions of this market are similar as for perfect competition except the product is not homogenous it is differentiated; thus having control over its price. (Nellis and Parker, 1997). There are many firms and freedom of entry into the industry, firms are price makers and are faced with a downward sloping demand curve as well as profit maximizers. Examples include; restaurant businesses, hotels and pubs, specialist retailing (builders) and consumer services (Sloman, 2013).
Individuals are always confronted with decisions. America is changing into being more materialistic and it is becoming a problem in schools. It may be a matter of constrained time. The economy is critical on the grounds that it widens our comprehension, which thusly enhances the expectations for everyday comforts. Matters of trade and profit are paramount to ordinary life on the grounds that it gives social order an adjusted and composed framework for cash administration and business cycles. What ties the individuals and their lives together is the manner by which they choose to settle on the decisions against the risk of lack. The economy is about why individuals settle on the decisions they do and what the suggestions or impacts of those decisions are, and it assumes a significant part in everyone's lives. As America advances in technology, our materialism appears to grow and technology has become a tool for distracting individuals.
Money is essential for our everyday lives and people have to face choosing whether to save up or spend their money. Of course earning our money can difficult considering that it is a necessary asset that affects every aspect of our life. Every day we see people working hard to earn as much money as the can. However how they use using the all the money earned is a frequently debated topic have seen many people who earn money and can no restrict themselves from spending .They usually act like wild animals fighting for food and being separating from the delusions of business. People are usually confused and frustrated by the amount money the use in a week without knowing that their daily impulse buying objects have piled up. Although it can be very hard to control there are many easy steps to stay away y from spending and instead saying up. Setting a goal, recording the amount you spend and even lowering your expenses can be small steps that will lead to great success in saving for the future
Economics is related to everyone’s life. It is (as said before) the study of how goods and services are produced, distributed and utilized. We are making economic choices every single day in our every-day life; we just might not realize it. In this essay, I explained to you how these economic concepts, opportunity cost and scarcity, are related to our every-day life.