Pre-Service Training
All the mathematics community has discussed a lot on the course work required for the pre-service secondary school mathematics teachers(Cox et al.,2013). Pre-service training programs require especially secondary school mathematics teachers to complete the subject content or the equivalent (Artzt et al., 2011; Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences (CBMS), 2001). These trainings provide the necessary mathematics content and pedagogy required for the teaching of mathematics (Miller & Davidson, 2006; Masters, 2009; Norton, 2010). The researchers have discussed comprehensively about the quality of course work provided in the pre-service training programs where the pre-service teachers learn different teaching strategies
…show more content…
These teachers have studied the content they teach in considerably greater depth than the level at which they currently teach and they have high levels of confidence in the subjects they teach. Their deep content knowledge allows them to focus on teaching underlying methods, concepts, principles and big ideas in a subject, rather than on factual and procedural knowledge alone (p. …show more content…
Hence TEGMA(2014) has proposed that teacher education institutions should select those candidates who have requisite content knowledge of mathematics as well. Also the teachers in their pre-service training should ensure that they have command over the content which they are going to teach. The pre-service teachers should also devolop their professional skills and abilities for the proper presentation of the content which they are going to teach. Although the researchers put strong emphasis on the equisition of mathematics content knowledge yet there is a need of strong link between the teachers background knowledge of mathematics and the students achievement level (Miller & Davison, 2006). Ball(1990) has foun that secondary school mathematics teachers have a little knowledge of elementary school mathematics. According to Monk,1994, there does not exist a strng link between the number of courses attended by secondary school mathematics teachers and the students achievement.
It has also been found by Ma(1999) that Chinese teachers having less instruction experience than American teachers, still have enough cotent knowledge of basics of mathematics and the work hard to develop their teaching strageties. Many
From two studies in mathematics, a total of four relationships between teachers' content knowledge and student learning were examined. In three instances, a positive relationship was found, for two cohorts of elementary grades students over a three year period and for grade 3 students' learning of advanced concepts. In one instance, grade 3 students learning of basic concepts, no relationship was found. In science, a total of three relationships between teacher content knowledge and student learning were examined. In two instances, a relationship was documented between teachers' content knowledge, both correct and incorrect, and their grade 8 students' development of correct and incorrect understandings, respectively. In the third instance, high school biology teachers' knowledge of the nature of science was not found to relate to their students' learning about the nature of
I chose Mathematical practice 1 because it said, “Make sense of problems and persevere in serving them”. I think we use this practice all the time in math, especially in Pre-Ap Math because we are in an advanced class with some advanced problems. With the advanced problems we definitely must persevere in solving them. As for the making sense of problems part the extension problems were a little hard to make sense of at first but once I started working on them they got easier but I still had to persevere in solving them. So I definitely use Mathematical practice 1.
Mathematics has become a very large part of society today. From the moment children learn the basic principles of math to the day those children become working members of society, everyone has used mathematics at one point in their life. The crucial time for learning mathematics is during the childhood years when the concepts and principles of mathematics can be processed more easily. However, this time in life is also when the point in a person’s life where information has to be broken down to the very basics, as children don’t have an advanced capacity to understand as adults do. Mathematics, an essential subject, must be taught in such a way that children can understand and remember.
Rigor in education is the current direction all instruction is moving towards and “true rigor is creating an environment in which each student is expected to learn at high levels, each student is supported so he or she can learn at high levels, and each student demonstrates learning at high levels” (Blackburn, 2011). Rote memorization is no longer an option, as analysis and application are the main focus. For this as a society we must remember, “it is difficult to conceive of an effective teacher who doesn’t have a deep understand of content knowledge” (Chard, 2013, 2015, p. 218). Pedagogical knowledge is extremely important and teachers are the most equipped to convey their
Teacher knowledge has always been the basis to an effective learning experience. Without a knowledgeable teacher, students are not able to receive a quality educational experience. This pillar encompasses the influence teachers have on student learning and achievement, possession of research based knowledge, and effective teaching practices. I thrive to be educated and knowledgeable on the information presented to my students. By having a variety of teaching techniques that work and I use often in my classroom, I am able to mold my instruction around student needs and provide efficient and
Wu, Y. (2008). Experimental Study on Effect of Different Mathematical Teaching Methodologies on Students’ Performance. Journal of Mathematics Studies. Vol 1(1) 164-171.
Ward (2005) explores writing and reading as the major literary mediums for learning mathematics, in order for students to be well equipped for things they may see in the real world. The most recent trends in education have teachers and curriculum writers stressed about finding new ways to tie in current events and real-world situations to the subjects being taught in the classroom. Wohlhuter & Quintero (2003) discuss how simply “listening” to mathematics in the classroom has no effect on success in student academics. It’s important to implement mathematical literacy at a very young age. A case study in the article by authors Wohlhuter & Quintero explores a program where mathematics and literacy were implemented together for children all the way through eight years of age. Preservice teachers entered a one week program where lessons were taught to them as if they were teaching the age group it was directed towards. When asked for a definition of mathematics, preservice teachers gave answers such as: something related to numbers, calculations, and estimations. However, no one emphasized how math is in fact extremely dependable on problem-solving, explanations, and logic. All these things have literacy already incorporated into them. According to Wohlhuter and Quintero (2003), the major takeaways from this program, when tested, were that “sorting blocks, dividing a candy bar equally, drawing pictures, or reading cereal boxes, young children are experienced mathematicians, readers, and writers when they enter kindergarten.” These skills are in fact what they need to succeed in the real-world. These strategies have shown to lead to higher success rates for students even after they graduate
Demonstrating knowledge of content and pedagogy is important and must be embedded in planning, because in order to be a great teacher you need to know what you are teaching and the best way to teach it to your students. If an instructor does not possess a deep knowledge of what they are teaching it will be difficult to successfully engage students in discussion, promote questioning, and answer their questions. Teachers with a strong knowledge of the content they are teaching are able to present new information by linking it to previous information, address misconceptions, and plan activities and exercises to successfully engage students. They also understand that not all students learn the same way and have different pedagogical techniques planned.
Skemp, R (2002). Mathematics in the Primary School. 2nd ed. London: Taylor and Francis .
Sherley, B., Clark, M. & Higgins, J. (2008) School readiness: what do teachers expect of children in mathematics on school entry?, in Goos, M., Brown, R. & Makar, K. (eds.) Mathematics education research: navigating: proceedings of the 31st annual conference of the Mathematics Education Research Group of Australia, Brisbane, Qld: MERGA INC., pp.461-465.
Kirova, A., & Bhargava, A. (2002). Learning to guide preschool children's mathematical understanding: A teacher's professional growth. 4 (1), Retrieved from http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/v4n1/kirova.html
...atics in six countries, Mathematics Teaching in the 21st Century, Center for Research in Mathematics and Science Education, Michigan State University.
...S. and Stepelman, J. (2010). Teaching Secondary Mathematics: Techniques and Enrichment Units. 8th Ed. Merrill Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Develop teaching expertise is the part of proposition from NBPTS, specifically knowing the subjects they teach and how to teach those subjects to students (1987). One of the methods is continue to pursue their professional development by joining a professional association or organization, attending a workshop, and reading a professional journal, website, or books. These ideas enhance teachers’ cognitive growth by enlarge information of the latest strategies or method, enhance cognitive growth, and learning to help the teachers to become expert in their teaching and influence on student learning.
Devlin believes that mathematics has four faces 1) Mathematics is a way to improve thinking as problem solving. 2) Mathematics is a way of knowing. 3) Mathematics is a way to improve creative medium. 4) Mathematics is applications. (Mann, 2005). Because mathematics has very important role in our life, teaching math in basic education is as important as any other subjects. Students should study math to help them how to solve problems and meet the practical needs such as collect, count, and process the data. Mathematics, moreover, is required students to be capable of following and understanding the future. It also helps students to be able to think creativity, logically, and critically (Happy & Listyani, 2011,