Power and economy in Italy, Spain, England, and France
Identify two causes for each of the following:
1. The economic rise of the Italian city-states. The Italian city-states had the opportunity to break away from feudalism and prosper greatly other ways because of its geography. The Italian states extended into the Mediterranean sea, and were placed in between most of Europe and the Byzantine Empire. This allowed these city-states to flourish greatly with trade and dealing with the market. Also, the Italian-states were able to gain economic prosperity as they were ruled by wealthy, powerful families. For example, Urbino was ruled by the Montefeltro dynasty. They compensated for the poverty of the city-state, and helped turn it into a strong cultural and intellectual center.
2. The decline in power of the Italian city-states. An attempted alliance system was
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As Machiavelli says, after a disaster is great time for innovation and change. This is exactly what happened in France: a reestablishment of monarchal government. Also, with the need to prosecute the war, it allowed more authority and power for the king. In addition, King Louis XI retained the taille, which was a permeant tax that brought about a centralized source of income, which meant more power.
4. The centralization of power in England Similar to France, England was affected economically by the Hundred Years’ War. However, Henry VII, the first Tudor king, hoped to change the way England was after the war. So, he ended the private wars of nobility by abolishing “livery and maintenance,” which abolished private armies of wealthy aristocrats. Henry also implemented the Court of Star Chamber to take care of the irresponsible activity of the nobles. He also worked on increasing revenue, avoiding wars, and respected the middle class. These changes, among others, created a strong, centralized form of authority.
5. The centralization of power in
Henry VIII’s reign was a turning point in the Tudor period as it signified an end to Yorkist pretenders to the throne and it was at this point that the idea of regicide... ... middle of paper ... ... to support them in their rebellions. There was now a widening social gap that created tension as the gentry attempted to emulate the nobility. As although the Cloth trade in Kent was declining in 1554 Wyatt’s rebellion had no real socio – economic cause and the Northern Earls in 1569 and Essex in 1601 had no socio –economic causes whatsoever.
...tect his right to the throne. Ultimately, he stabilized the nation by settling the civil wars, the Wars of Roses, by marrying the apposing York family, to unite the two feuding families, the Yorks and the Lancasters. All together, King Henry VII is a new monarch for displaying all of the required traits.
Eventually, Napoleon lost his title as emperor, but the people assigned to fix his damage caused more trouble. The Congress of Vienna were meant to give the land taken back to their original nations and to put their rightful monarchs back into power. They did this, but they also set laws that brought France back to life before the rebellion was even thought of. The Haitian Revolution succeeded in all its goals, but France came full circle after a pointless
In 1589, marked the end of 70 years of devastating religious civil war, and historians started to see the emergence of the absolute leader or absolute monarch. During this religious civil war, France was most severely hit. At the end of the civil war historians begin to see the rise of a new King, Henry IV, who put an end to any future religious civil wars by stating that everyone in France would be granted religious ...
First of all, this is determined by Italy's weak and foreign expansion policy. Secondly, this is also determined by Italy's national interests. Third, after the outbreak of World War I, the Allied Powers all met the requirements of the Italian territory.
Henry VI was born on December 6, 1421, and became king of England on September 1, 1422. Problems began almost immediately, though these problems were not seen as such at the time. First, the power of the monarch, instead of being entrusted to one man, was given to a council of magnates. Though it is likely that Henry V included a clause in his will appointing his brother, the Duke of Gloucester, regent, nobles whose powers had been curtailed by Henry V seized the opportunity to regain their lost power. They claimed the precedent of Richard II's minority (Storey, 30) to support their actions. Though the council did rule fairly on the whole, it created a problem. Later in Henry VI's reign, factions ruled the government and the monarch suffered from a lack of cohesive central authority. Nobles who had taken power were reluctant to give it back, causing a spreading out of the king's pwer. Henry's powers as monarch were not kept whole and in trust for him (Storey, 30) so that even had he been a strong king, it would have been difficult for him to control the situations that were to occur. One immediate effect of the council system was to ke...
Henry V is not a simple one as it has many aspects. By looking into
In addition to this, the cost of running a government in general had gone up and the country needed more money. Because the king didn't have as much power to tax as he pleases, the government could make a firm and accurate taxation of the people. In France, the price of government had also gone up.
... While Henry VIII was the king of England, he defeated France on many occasions, at the Battle of the Spurs for example. Henry VIII was also responsible for the religious reformation in England and changed the religion of England from the Roman Catholic faith to the Protestant Religion, and established the Church of England. If it weren’t for King Henry VIII, England would not have been as wealthy as it was because of the dissolution of the monasteries. The Act of Appeals aided the constitutional development of England, once again, thanks to Henry VIII.
Henry implemented many methods in order to control the nobility with varying success. Henry sought to limit the power of the nobles as he was acutely aware the dangers of over mighty subjects with too much power and little love for the crown or just wanted a change like Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick who deposed two kings to replace them. Also Henry’s own rise to the throne was helped by nobles dislike towards Richard III. By restricting the nobles Henry wanted to reduce the power of the nobles and possible threats against him and return the nobles from their quasi king status to leaders in their local areas but under the power of the crown.
When his father died in 1509, Henry Tudor VIII became King Henry VIII (“Young Henry VIII”). When Henry took the throne, he gave most of the responsibility to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. He did this because as a 17 year old boy, he felt he wasn’t ready for all of that responsibility at once (Sommerville). Even though he was king, he had no desire to know the everyday problems of England. One of Henry’s biggest accomplishments as king was implementing a naval fleet.
It is often debated whether or not the reign of King Louis XIV had a positive or negative effect on France. Although there were improvements during his reign in transportation, culture, and national defense, there were far more negative aspects. He depleted the national treasury with his liberal spending on personal luxuries and massive monuments. His extreme fear of the loss of power led to poor decision making, which caused the court to be of lower quality. King Louis XIV’s disastrous rule brought about a series of effects that influenced the French Revolution in the following century.
Some of the main economic powers of the renaissance were Italian city states. The first, Milan, was in northern Italy. Milan, the center of trade and money with a large tax, was ruled by Visconti and was later taken over by Sforza. Next was Venice, which was the link of Asia and the western world. Venice was a republic with a doge, or an elected leader, and was ruled by merchants and aristocrats. Lastly, was Florence which became the cul...
Italy is a developed country in Europe with a population of 59.83 million people. Life expectancy is the second highest in Europe and ranks tenth in the world, having an average lifespan of 82.2 years. Italian healthcare has been universal since 1978 and has remained effective ever since. Italy is ranked as the second best healthcare system, just behind France. There are many factors that ensure the effectiveness of the Italian healthcare system, such as government funding and individual cost, private insurance companies, medical technology, and preventative measures and the spread of diseases.
King Henry IV held power in 1399 (Griffiths 1). He was very ambitious causing rebellion in his reign, which all began once he celebrated his first yuletide (Lunt 259-260). During his reign, the commons established precedents that secured privileges of freedom of speech and arrest. This declaration helped them have a say in political and local issues (Lunt 270). After Henry IV’s reign was terminated, Henry V accepted power (Phillips 1). Once he was crowned in 1413, he controlled the majority of England’s army, which at the time England needed a reliable army (Lunt 261).