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Theory of postpartum depression
Theory of postpartum depression
Conclusion of post partum depression
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During the terms of pregnancy, women truly experience life-changing moments. From the moment the baby’s first kick is felt to the time of the baby’s departure after a nestled nine months in the womb, changes are occurring everywhere physically and emotionally in and with a woman's body. While bringing in a new life is an exciting and eventful time, new mothers go through a whole different experience and some may even face a prolonging case of postpartum depression. Unlike a sense of the “baby blues,” a short-lived period of feeling sorrow and separation following their new delivery, postpartum depression is a mental health illness that lasts for a longer period of time affecting the mother’s mind and actions. According to the Centers for …show more content…
As previously mentioned, Richard Axel’s work of Scents and Sensibility discovered that there are more than 1,000 olfactory genes with each its own unique encoding olfactory receptor. As odorant molecules are detected, these molecules can go through either two of these passages referenced as the orthonasal olfaction or the retronasal olfaction. Scientists at the Monell Center, the “world’s only independent, non-profit scientific institution,” have connected an increase in diseases and aging can affect the maintenance of a normal sense of smell. According to the collective studies of Andreas Keller, medical expert in smell perception at the Rockefeller University, and Dolores Malaspina, professor of psychiatry at the NYU School of Medicine, uncovered the concern and relevance of making olfactory dysfunctions a concerning issue because it disrupts the quality of life. The detection of a decrease in sense of smell with mothers who suffer from postpartum depression would allow the mothers to detect the depression before it got to the point where treatment is required. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds would benefit from this circumstances because money that would have to be spent on …show more content…
Typically, women of higher socioeconomic status have a leverage on the access for treatments because of their capabilities but the truth is, fewer than half of the women who experience postpartum depression will seek treatment. On the other hand, women from of lesser socioeconomic status suffer the most because access to the treatments is not within their reach.Treatments for postpartum depression include psychotherapy, antidepressant medications, and electroconvulsive therapy. Dr. Andrea Macari, a nationally known clinically psychologist and media personality, is one of the most renowned in the profession of psychotherapy. Through psychotherapy, she uses this as an opportunity to use communication to help her patients. For women who may not have the money for the treatment, an option for them is once the hindrance of scent is detected, this could raise a realization and halt the
Today postpartum psychosis is known to be a serious psychiatric crisis that affects one to two women per thousand in the first few weeks following childbirth. Women tend to experience visual, aural, and olfactory delusions and hallucinations that enables a risk of self-harm,
Knowing the symptoms of postpartum depression is critical for a young mother's discovering that she may have the depress...
2011). This hypothesis was put to the test by Pelchat et al. in 2011, who had volunteers donate both regular urine and asparagus urine, then presented the volunteers with samples of urine from all the volunteers to see whether or not they could detect the scent in the samples, of not just their own urine but in others as well. The results of this experiment revealed that six percent of the volunteers were unable to detect the asparagus odor in the urine samples, which highly suggests that there is an anosmia present for the asparagus odor. However, these results do not prove the anosmia because the urine samples used contained varying amounts of the sulfurous compounds meaning that some of the samples could have had ample amounts of the sulfur molecules while other samples could have had lesser amounts making it either easier or more difficult for the different subject’s to perceive the odor. Much like the experiment conducted by Lison et al. in 1980 this experiment really just proved that at varying concentrations different people can smell the odor. It did not present clear cut data that proved whether there really are “smellers” and “nonsmellers.”
Pregnancies are often correlated with the assumption that it will bring happiness to the household and ignite feelings of love between the couple. What remains invisible is how the new responsibilities of caring and communicating with the baby affects the mother; and thus, many women experience a temporary clinical depression after giving birth which is called postpartum depression (commonly known as postnatal depression) (Aktaş & Terzioğlu, 2013).
Having a child can be the happiest moment of a person’s life. A sweet little baby usually gives new parents tremendous joy. That joy can be accompanied with anxiety about the baby and the responsibility the new parents are faced with. The anxiety, in most cases, fades and joy is what remains. For some new mothers, however, the joy is replaced with a condition known as postpartum depression. “Postpartum depression is a serious disorder that until recently was not discussed in public…Women did not recognize their symptoms as those of depression, nor did they discuss their thoughts and fears regarding their symptoms” (Wolf, 2010). As such, postpartum depression is now recognized as a disorder harmful to both mother and infant, but, with early detection, is highly treatable with the use of psychotherapy, antidepressants, breastfeeding, and other natural remedies, including exercise.
In the novel, Perfume by Patrick Suskind,the author incorporates the idea that society may be attracted to certain individuals by a chemically active world. An individual’s scent may possibly emit different reactions to different society members. For example, the protagonist of Perfume, Grenouille starts out as an unwanted child whose smell was revolting. Suskind used this exaggeration of Grenouille’s odor to give the reader a sense of imagery, to imagine what the scent could have possibly smelled like. The author uses the protagonist’s depressing backstory (abandoned as a child, outcast to the world), to create a sense of pity from the reader, despite the fact that he is a murderer.
Postpartum Depression (PPD) is a period of depression that follows childbirth and lasts more than two weeks. It is experienced by up to 15% of women in the first three postpartum months (Camp, 2013). PPD is well represented in all ages, races, and cultures. The causes of PPD are currently unknown. There are many factors that place patients at a higher risk of developing PPD. These factors include history of PPD, depression during pregnancy, family strains, anxiety, and lack of support.
After giving birth, women will have hormonal oscillations (Rosequist). In the meanwhile, their bodies are getting back to their normal state, however if that “blues” does not go away, it can evolve in a deep depression. As she recalls, saying: “And yet I cannot be with him, it make me so nervous”(Gilman), it is obvious that Post-Partum depression is the cause of her poor attachment with the child; the mother can be hazardous to the baby; mood swing occur, and in extremes circumstances, about 1 in 1,000, it can bring psychotic indications (Hilts). If this condition if left untreated, it can cause serious psychological and physical damages. Treatment would include anti-depressants and therapy. This can also trigger other types of mental
In Lynda Barry’s Common Scents, she considers scents a demon for many reasons. One reason being that everyone has his or her own scent preference and scent in general, yet we also judge the way that other people smell. When the woman whose house smelled like a fresh bus bathroom talking about the smells of different Asian people’s houses, Lynda notes that she was “free with her observations about the smells of others” (18). She sprays her house with disinfectant sprays and air fresheners, which to her smells better that whatever her house smelt like before, but to others, such as Lynda’s grandmother, these smells are too strong and are trying to hide the fact that not everything smells good all the time.
Roca, Catherine. "Depression During and After Pregnancy." April 2005. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Online. http://www.4woman.gov/faq/postpartum.htm. (17 Nov. 2005)
When Divakaruni moved to the United States, tried to abandon the smells of her childhood in favor of acculturation. She realized this is a mistake when she has a child of her own. She eventually comes to appreciate the smells’ abilities to comfort, give joy, and motivate. One smell in particular she told about is how the smell of iodine reminded her that “love sometimes hurts while it’s doing its job.” In rearing her own offspring, she intentionally tried to replicate the “smell technique” with her own twist in hopes that her children reap similar benefits. One example is how she filled the house with the aroma of spices and sang American and Indian tunes with her
The novel Perfume: The Story of a Murderer, by Patrick Süskind takes place in the densely populated and repugnant slums of 18th century Paris where protagonist Jean-Baptiste Grenouille resides as a lowly peasant with an incomparable sense of smell that sets him apart from the rest of the world. However, Grenouille is unaffected, and endures the hardships of brutal peasant life with an iron will, in the hopes of discovering every scent the world had to offer as his only motivation for living. He craves to be alone to further enhance his knowledge in capturing scent; Grenouille becomes so estranged and enthralled in the art of capturing fragrances that he sets out on a quest to concoct the “ultimate perfume” which leads him to commit a series of murders to capture human scent. Süskind, by way of Jean Baptiste’s obscure life and fine nose allows readers to explore the concept of alienation and the effects it has on the character development of Jean Baptiste Grenouille.
Depression is most common in women. The rates are twice as high as they are in men. According to the National Mental Health Association, about one in every eight women will develop depression at some point during her lifetime. Women’s symptoms are similar to major depression. Some of them include being in a depressed mood, loss of interest in activities you used to like, feelings of guilt and hopelessness, and suicidal thoughts or recurrent thought of death. Women tend to blame themselves, feel anxious and scared, and avoid conflicts at all costs. They also use food, friends, and love to self-medicate. Some causes of depression in women are premenstrual problems, pregnancy and inf...
- Orr, Andrea. “Ex-IBM Worker Says He Lost His Sense of Smell.” Yahoo! News. 2003
Scent within the novel Perfume by Patrick Suskind has been regarded as a supernatural element that transcends the physical realm and into the spiritual. In 18th Century France, Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is born with the supernatural ability to smell, while lacking his own individual odour. The power of scent is revealed to have manipulative qualities that shape the way an individual perceives someone based off odour. Suskind uses the characters of Grenouille and Madame Gaillard to convey the effect that scent has on the emotional spirituality of humans as both have a disability with their olfactory sense. Grenouille utilises the power of scent to create his own perfume which emphasizes scent possessing qualities beyond the natural world.