Plato's Theory Of Ide Socrates, Our First Metaphysician

Socrates was our first Metaphysician. He lived from 470-399 B.C. Socrates focuses on faith, knowledge, and absolutes and how there is only one definition of absolutes.Socrates used justice to explain his idea of absolutes. . Plato was a student of Socrates. Plato was our first moral Philosopher who lived from 427- 347 B.C. Plato was the first Philosopher to have proposed that there is a realm of abstract objects and to have speculated about their nature and significance for human life. Plato elaborates on Socrates ideas and comes up with his own thoughts and ideas. From Socrates knowledge of absolutes Plato created the thought of forms and particulars. Socrates was not focused on the particulars. Plato’s definition of the form could be defined

The forms are known as universals. All particulars are flawed and the form is perfect. An example of this would be an airplane. The airplane flying in the sky is represented as the form and the shadow of the plane on the ground is the particular. The airplane in the sky is more real than the shadow of the plane. The relation between these two, the forms and the particulars, is the idea of participation. Plato states that the particular is participating in a form. This participation is known as methexis. A way to describe this is with humans. The form of human is perfect but a particular human is flawed. Plato’s studies was known as Ontology. The meaning of ontology is the study of being real things. Plato discusses the issue of one vs. many. This idea of one vs many was influenced by Socrates. This states that the one (forms) is priority over the many which is the particulars or examples. Plato discusses how we are born with knowledge of these forms. This innate knowledge is in our soul, as we do philosophy we relocate the

He was alive from 384- 322 B.C. Aristotle argued that everything is learned and nothing is innate. The first thing we learned about was Aristotle's idea of substance. Substance is anything that does not need a piggy back. An example of this would be a brown shirt. The shirt is a substance because it does not need the brown to be a shirt. Aristotle stated that the substance creates the universals, the substance is also more real than the universals. Aristotle famously rejected Plato’s theory of forms, Instead, he argued that forms are intrinsic to the objects and cannot exist apart from them, and so must be studied in relation to them. Like his teacher Plato, Aristotle's philosophy aims at the universal. Aristotle's ontology, however, finds the universal in particular things, which he calls the essence of things. For Aristotle, "form" still refers to the unconditional basis of phenomena but is "instantiated" in a particular substance. Aristotle discussed his theory of change which lead to the four causes in the change of the world. The material( matter) cause is the actual physical properties or makeup of a thing that is. It's the stuff we can see, touch, taste, and so on. The formal cause is the structure or design of a being. We can call it the blueprints, or the plan. The formal cause is what makes it one thing rather than another. The efficient(agent) cause is the thing or agent which actually brings something about. It's not what