10.1. Fabrication Of Above Ground and Underground Piping Fabrication, installation, erection and assembly should be done as indicated in the Process and Instrument diagram and piping layout drawings.
The piping drawings give the information about the shape and dimensions of pipe and piping components which is sufficient for fabrication.
The dimensions indicated on the drawings should be true and contain no allowance for weld gaps.
Gaskets less than 1.5 mm thick (1/16" M) are ignored in dimensional computations.
All pipe branches must be at 90 degree, until other specification indicated on the drawings.
Pipe cuttings should be accurate, smooth and correct to template, Slag & cutting dross must removed before fitting.
Installation
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as indicated in the drawings and it is directed by Engineer-in-charge.
If the material is not in good condition or found to have defects should not be used in fabrication except that minor surface marks may be dressed provided that the nominal wall thickness is not encroached upon after considering the manufacturing tolerances defined in the appropriation material codes. Insert patching or cuts or dents or pounding of dents must be prohibited.
Fabricate reinforcement pads, flanges, mitered fittings such as bends, reducers, eccentric reducer, tool piece etc.
Fabrication of piping, valves, fittings, sections of piping etc. should be thoroughly cleaned. All sand, dirt or other foreign matter should be removed. The ends of completed sections of pipeline must be closed with suitable blinds, caps or other approved methods. All fabricated piping should be protected against rust and corrosion.
10.2. Tolerances:
In addition to tolerances contained within the applicable codes or standards of the respective material the following shall also
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Alignment of flanges and branch welding ends measured across any diameter should not deviate from the indicated position more than 2.5 mm per meter (1/32" per foot) of diameter. Flange faces should be perpendicular to the axis of the pipeline.
10.3. Preparation of pipe and other fittings:
Prior to aligning pipe for welding, the ends of the pipe should be machine beveled. Bevel dimensions should be as per applicable codes.
The beveled ends of each joint of the pipe should be cleaned of paint, rust, mill scale, dirt or other foreign materials to avoid defects in the completed welds by methods approved by the site Engineer.
Any foreign matter or obstruction remaining inside the pipe should be removed by appropriate means.
Coupling and half coupling should be accurately shaped and set on to suit the contour of the run pipe.
Pipes should be properly supported and aligned by jigs or clamps as required in order to preclude extraneous loads and minimize strains during taking.
Small tack welds which lie between 12.5 mm (1/2") and 18 mm (3/4") in length penetrating to the bottom of the groove may be used in fitting
We defiantly need to establish the safety behind this. But safety is not only for the people around the pipeline but for the impact the building of said pipe line will have on the environment around it. Also what safety nets do we have in place in case of environmental catastrophe.
... also include a few maps to help better demonstrate where each part of the pipeline is located.
The center column had two thick silicone pipes each connected to an elbow joint, the elbow joints were each then connected to a small nipple, the two nipples connected to a t-shaped joint. The t-shaped joint was connected to a nipple that was later connected to a union. The union had a small nipple attached, the nipple was then also attached to an elbow joint, the elbow joint connected with a long copper rod. The copper rod was attached to an elbow joint, the elbow joint was attached to a nipple, which was attached to another elbow joint, to a nipple that was attached to the top of water packed column.
Welding is a very important job in today’s society. With new building designs, and bridges to every day metal products, welders are needed to do these tasks. Almost everything that you use every day has some sort of weld to it.
The first trip to the hardware store presents a dizzying array of possible items for purchase and leads to a feeling of helplessness of trying to sort out all the choices for pipe repair. Solder, flux, butane torch, and pipe cutter are strange objects that belong in the plumber’s arsenal, rather than the hands of an inexperienced homeowner. Learning to solder and repair copper pipe on the Fourth of July weekend is not supposed to be in the plans, but eight hours of failure that lead to the final Aha!... ... middle of paper ...
The first thing to consider is the process of cleaning and coating of the boards. This particular process involves the set-up of the machines, the loading of the boards, and the actual cleaning and coating of the said boards by the machines.
"Welding Processes, Welding Faults, Defects & Discontinuities For NDT Technicians Part 3." Hera.org. Hera, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2014. .
The broken area is cut out and the sides smoothed down. Next the new section of copper is inserted and joined to the pipe with
Focus shall be on utilizing pre-production tools while developing the prototypes. Actual material, wherever possible, shall be used in the development of prototypes rather than having substituted parts. Make the prototypes as closer as possible to actual outputs.
When trying to design for automated construction systems, all parameters of a construction process must be integrated accurately and constantly to satisfy relevant parties, and finally, the quality of construction materials and products in terms of geometry, physical and design aspects will be changed. In order to reach automated construction goals, all the following aspects have to be fulfilled:
The list of Apparatuses and materials used and how to setup them can be found in appendices. (Appendix 2)
The second way is by using computer aided drafting (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) programs on your computer.
Layout of the manufacturing process and equipment configurations- the importance of the relayout is to reduce the setup time
?Automation Reduces Weld Spatter? Welding Design & Fabrication (Jun. 2001): 37 EBSCOhost. Online. Nov. 2002 .
Pipeline transport is the use of pipes to convey various products from one point to another. These pipes can be made up of metal, plastic or even ceramic. It is efficient in transporting petroleum and natural gases over long distances. It is also convenient and economical in transporting petroleum and natural gases when compared to truck and rail modes of transport. It allows for the transport of large volumes of the commodity (Clifford