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Genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, etc
Genetic drift and mutation
Genetic drift, mutation, natural selection, etc
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[ 8.1 ] Will the allele frequencies in the pens tend to move toward the frequency in the larger field population?
The allele will increase or decrease frequencies in the pens tend to move toward the frequency in the larger field population. But the allele has greater chance to increase.
[ 8.2 ] Will the frequencies in the pens tend to move toward 0.5? 0.25? 0.75?
the frequencies in the pens tend to move toward 0.5.
Ex 1 [8.3] Will the frequencies all do the same thing, or will something different happen in each one?
The frequencies stay constant.
[ 8.2 ] You should begin to see a general pattern. Describe what happens to the frequency of S among the zygotes, as it compares the frequency in the gene pool, as the number of zygotes made
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Ex 2 [11.1] Summarize your observations on the relationship between the frequency of an allele in the gene pool, the frequency of the same allele among the zygotes, and the number of zygotes made.
The frequency of an allele can reach to the frequency of an allele in the gene pool. The number of the zygotes and the frequency of the allel will approach each other.
Ex 3 [3.2] What is the general relationship between population size and how rapidly the allele frequencies change over time?
The allele frequency change over time opposite mean if population getting bigger the allele frequence will change slowly.
Ex 3 [3.4] Explain the relationship between population size and the rate of evolution by drift in terms of what you learned about sampling error and sample size in the previous two exercises.
The relation of the rate of evolution by draft and the population is imbalance means the evolution increase if the population becomes smaller.
Ex 3 [3.5] Why does something unique happen in every population and every run? Explain in terms of what you have learned about genetic drift.
Because of genetic draft in every population and every run something
For the PV92, we were able to distinguish between the alleles due to the added length of the Alu element. Those with “+” have longer sequences so the band would indicate a long base-pair while those with “-“ would have shorter sequences and heterozygotes would have 2 bands that resemble both.3 Then once we figured out the genotypes, we used the data to figure out the allele frequencies through Hardy-Weinberg equations.
[7] Klug, W., Cummings, M., Spencer, C., Palladino M. (2012) Concepts of Genetics: Tenth Edition. Pearson's Education, Inc.
According to Klug, &Ward (2009), members of a certain population from another are distinguished by the presence of unique genetic characteristics. It is believed that large populations have greater diversity of alleles, compared to the small populations. In most cases, the diversity of alleles designates a greater potential for any evolution of new genes combination. This also shows greater capacity for evolution in adapting different environmental condition. On the other hand, individuals in small populations are possible to be hereditarily, anatomically as well physiologically more consistently than in large populations.
Spencer, Herbert. “A Theory of Population, Deduced from the General Law of Animal Fertility.” Westminster Review. LVII (1852): 250-68.
We as humans are alway changing and growing this idea however is the same for all living things. This idea was develop by the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin. This theory provide insight to how evolution has changed species over time. Which, through this article I will be addressing the mechanisms of evolution as well as how Charles Darwin helps to provide insight to how the mechanisms of evolution works.
Lewis, Ricki, (2014), Human Genetics, 11th Edition, Chapter 15 Changing Allele Frequencies, pp 293. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from
* *2) Populations remain roughly the same size, with modest fluctuations. * *3) Food resources are limited, but are relatively constant most of the time. * * From these three observations it may be inferred that in such an environment
d) Name the conditions the non-healthy zygotes have. Zygote 1 has monosomy (it has a missing chromosome); Zygote 2 and 3 has trisomy (they have an extra chromosome).
Rantala, M. J., and Roff, D. A. 2006. Analysis of the importance of genotypic variation,
According to Darwin and his theory on evolution, organisms are presented with nature’s challenge of environmental change. Those that possess the characteristics of adapting to such challenges are successful in leaving their genes behind and ensuring that their lineage will continue. It is natural selection, where nature can perform tiny to mass sporadic experiments on its organisms, and the results can be interesting from extinction to significant changes within a species.
This paper addresses a currently relevant topic of detection of associations of copy number polymorphism with traits and will be of interest to readers of Genetics Research.
Heterozygote superiority. (n.d.). In World of biology. Retrieved from Gale Science in Context database. (Accession No. CV2431500311)
Many scientists in the past, such as Aristotle and Plato, believed that there were no changes in populations; however, other scientists, such as Darwin and Wallace, arose and argued that species inherit heritable traits from common ancestors and environmental forces drives out certain heritable traits that makes the species better suited to survive or be more “fit” for that environment. Therefore, species do change over a period of time and they were able to support their theory by showing that evolution does occur. There were four basic mechanisms of evolution in their theory: mutation, migration, genetic drift, and natural selection. Natural selection is the gradual process by which heritable traits that makes it more likely for an organism to survive and successfully reproduce increases, whereas there is a decline in those who do have those beneficial heritable traits (Natural Selection). For example, there is a decrease in rain which causes a drought in the finches’ environment. The seeds in the finches’ environment would not be soft enough for the smaller and weaker beak finches to break; therefore, they cannot compete with the larger and stronger beak finches for food. The larger and stronger beak finches has a heritable trait that helps them survive and reproduce better than others for that particular environment which makes them categorized under natural selection (Freeman, 2002).
The genetic traits of the founders of a population can be positive, negative, or neutral.
Extinction, although not as pleasant a concept as the idea of adapting to ones surroundings, plays just as large a role in natural selection as anything else. As one adaptation of a species proves beneficial, and as that variation begins to propagate, the original, less advantageous variant will die off. It is the unchanged species that are in immediate conflict with the species undergoing the natural adaptation that stand to suffer...