1. INTRODUCTION Based on Collins English Dictionary (2003), petrol is defined as any one of various volatile flammable liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons, mainly hexane, heptane, and octane, obtained from petroleum and used as a solvent and a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Currently, the petrol becomes a necessary for everyone especially for user in transportation. Caless, Capel and Leonard (2011) stated that in the late of nineteenth century, a chemical company in London use 'petrol' as their product name. According to Birkett’s,A (2011), hydrocarbons include in the petrol which contains carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. Both play an important role as a fuel because carbon dioxide is a combination of carbon atom and two oxygen atom and water (H20) is a combination of two hydrogen with oxygen. Gasoline or the other name for petrol has a characteristic which is transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines as stated in WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006). Petroleum contains of organic compounds with a many of additives obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum. In North America, they just called petrol as gas in daily life. Some of the country such as United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, India, and Australia and in most of the other Commonwealth countries called petrol in common name. Nowadays, many petrol pumps provided in Malaysia with a variety of branded like PETRONAS, Shell, Caltex, Esso, BHP and others according to Sung, C. T. (2011). This may cause petrol manufacturers have to compete with other petrol manufacturers to get place in the market line with the changing of economic life. Based on Kosmo! Online News, Irwan Asri Mohd Nor stated that every petrol compan... ... middle of paper ... ...may have some similarities with car other than the distance travelled and engine type. Petrol station pumps calibrations have a significant effect on the calculation of fuel consumption. Each motorcycle has different fuel consumption for the same brand of fuel. One petrol brand is better or worse than other brands cannot be proven due to insufficient evidence because it is possible that there is no difference between brands of petrol in terms of fuel consumption. "Pump slowly we get a lot of petrol. Pump with speed, get a little," claimed Project Manager of Muslim Consumers Association of Malaysia (PPIM), Noor Nirwandy Mat Noordin. The quantity of petrol is a bit different although the digit display shows that petrol pumped is one liter due to the entry with the air. In order to prevent the entry of air into the fuel tank, it is better to fill the petrol slowly.
Have you ever wondered how those big heavy construction equipment are able to work day in and day out and able to go through so much work? Well that’s because of their mechanics like me and I’m going to show you what they do day in and day out to keep them going. Thesis Statement: The career of diesel mechanic is challenging, because of everyday is something new and anything can happen. The research will describe the career of diesel mechanic, what is required to become a successful, and the impact this career has on society.
As the HHI value is between 1000 and 1800. The UK petrol retail market is considered moderately concentrated which indicates that it is more towards monopolistic competition than oligopoly.
According to U.S. Energy Information Administration website (eia.gov), a crude oil refinery is identified as a collection of many industrial facilities that turns crude oil into petroleum as finished products. Petroleum and oil are used interchangeably.
The Diesel engine, a compression ignition, internal combustion engine, was invented in 1893 by French inventor Rudolf Diesel. Diesel continued to developed his invention until 1897. “[his]... compression ignition engine could burn any fuel, the prototypes he built would run on peanut or vegetable oil–and needed no ignition system: It ignited by introducing fuel into a cylinder full of air that had been compressed to an extremely high pressure and was, therefore, extremely hot.” The Diesel engine impacted greatly on society in many ways, both good and bad.
...rformance of petrol engines may be better for a sport car, but in the end the efficiency
Bezdek, Roger H., and Robert M. Wendling. "Fuel Efficiency And The Economy." American Scientist 93.2 (2005): 132-139. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.
Biodiesel is considered an environmentally friendly alternative because it reduces the amount many toxic substances. Plants such as soybeans require carbon dioxide from the air to produce their stems, roots and leaves. During biodiesel production from soybean oil, carbon dioxide is produced and released in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is considered a green house gas (GHG). However, this cycle of GHG emission does not neccersarily contribute to the atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This is because the next soybean crop will reuse the carbon dioxide emitted for its growth. Another important environmental benefit is that biodiesel reduces particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. These benefits occur because biodiesel contains 11% oxygen by weight. Oxygen allows the fuel to burn better, resulting in fewer emissions from unburned fuel. And lastly, biodiesel fuels do not contain any sulfur and does not have an unpleasant smell when it is emitted from vehicles.
Cars are a fantastic invention. They make our lives even more carefree by getting us from place to place quickly while eradicating the need for legs altogether. There is no doubt that the benefits of driving from place to place are numerous. However, driving takes a whole lot of fuel, and everyone knows that fuel for cars isn’t the most plentiful (or cheapest!) of resources.
Oil is used in all forms of transportation, such as cars, planes, trains, boats, motorcycles and more. It is a necessity for today's automobiles. Oil is used as a lubricant, provides heating, cooling electricity. Oil is the main component in plastic (Careers In Oil and Gas 1). There is a large amount of plastic that is used in cars ...
With a gasoline-fueled vehicle, buying gas to operate your car is a never-ending process. With the high price change of gasoline and oil, operating a gasoline-fueled vehicle tends to be very costly. While there are some types of small gasoline vehicles that get much better gas mileage than larger vehicles, even the most powerful gasoline cars will normally desire a contribution every month. According to some experts the only way a mainstream market for green vehicles wills materlize is with a pronounced and prolonged rise in fuel prices. (Buss, 4)
Fuel is drawn from the tank by an in-tank or chassis-mounted fuel pump. The fuel pump is the device that draws the fuel from the fuel tank through the fuel lines, to the fuel filter and then to the engine’s carburetor or injectors. There are two types of fuel pumps: mechanical and electrical. The mechanical fuel pump is bolted on the side of the engine block or on the side of the cover of the timing gear.
The drastically increasing prices of fossil fuels and gasoline were making it harder for a middle income people to afford conventional vehicles in the near future. The gasoline is a natural resource which is reducing the supply of our reserves every second. In order to keep the fuel prices in control...
Car pollutants cause immediate and long-term effects on the environment. Car exhausts emit a wide range of gases and solid matter, causing global warming, acid rain, and harming the environment and human health. Engine noise and fuel spills also cause pollution. Cars, trucks and other forms of transportation are the single largest contributor to air pollution in the United States, but car owners can reduce their vehicle's effects on the environment. Car pollution is one of the major causes of global warming. Cars and trucks emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which contribute one-fifth of the United States' total global warming pollution. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which causes worldwide temperatures to rise.
As the piston rises, the pressure forces the poppet valve closed, and the mixture is compressed. Once the piston reaches its peak, the spark plug fires, igniting the compressed fuel causing the fuel to expand driving the piston downward. The exhaust valve opens after the piston reaches its lowest point. As the piston begins to rise, the exhaust fuel is driven out of the chamber. Large four-stroke engines tend to have more than one cylinder and often feature valves, fuel injectors, and turbochargers (Four Stroke
Ranked among the FORTUNE Global 500® largest corporations in the world, Petroliam Nasional Berhad, most commonly known as PETRONAS, is a Malaysian state-owned oil and gas company which ventures into a wide range of petroleum activities. Established in the year 1974, PETRONAS was incorporated alongside the enforcement of the Petroleum Development Act 1974 (Malaysian Explorer, 2012). Today, being owned entirely by the Malaysian government under the Ministry of Finance, PETRONAS is entrusted with the responsibility to manage the entire nation’s hydrocarbon resources (Rig Zone, 2013) and to ensure the sustainability and orderliness of the country’s oil and gas industry is prolonged.