Mango and guava are the most important and popular fruits in Egypt, the mango were considered the third major crop after citrus and grapes. According to the survey of ministry of agriculture of Egypt, the mango and guava trees occupy 102352& 30431 feddans, respectively producing about 325465 & 228814 tons mango and guava fruits, respectively.
Due to the great damage can be done by the scale insects not only by sucking the plant sap that give low photosynthesis and respiration, which leads to curling, yellowing, dropping to leaves, so malformation, dwarfing and decreasing fruit production ( quality and quantity ),even plant death; but also due to the excretion of large amount of honey dew that rich in sugars and nitrogenous components, so give a good media for sooty molt fungi that increase the inhibition of photosynthesis quality of plant (Radwan 2003); Where the mealy bugs only can losses 750 million American dollars per year ( Moffit , 1999 ). In addition to the insect secretion of toxic saliva that resulted in malformed leaf and shoot growth, these characteristic symptoms similar to damages caused by viruses (Fisher & Foresty,2008 ). In dense population the infestation appears not only on the lower surfaces, but also attack the upper surfaces, twigs, stems, fruits & even roots, it is difficult to remove them from the fruits (Hosny, 1939). .
On the other hand of bringing the associated insects: bees, ants and wasps that give the protection to these scales from their enemies in turn of taking the honey dew. These special ants (fondling) (Myremcophilies, Reda F. Baker et al., 2007) usually found in the vicin...
... middle of paper ...
...e natural enemies are introduced. In addition to the effect of these enemies and the other climatic factors on these three important scale insects are studied.
These present investigation aimed to study in addition to these ecological studies on the three previous pests which infest mango and guava trees under field condition at Qaliobiya governorate, to determined
the best time for controlling these pests; but also giving the best method of their control by alternative insecticides, e.g. [Mineral oils, I. G. R. and biological insecticides] and the synthetic insecticides and the comparison between them. .
..., Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, Available from Journal of Insect Physiology. (46 (2000) 655–661)Retrieved from http://www.units.muohio.edu/cryolab/publications/documents/IrwinLee00.pdf
11) Wargo, Phillip M., Defoliation by the Gypsy Moth: How it Hurts Your Tree, U.S.
As useful as their tongue is for collecting nectar it is useless in capturing insects hidden inside flowers, even though insects do provide most of the protein...
Outline the physical similarities between the (Blaptica dubia) cockroach and the cricket. Explain previous studies on physical stress in the cricket and in different species of cockroaches. Briefly discuss how the metabolic rate between the two species has been found to be very similar.
There are nearly one million species of insects known. Insects are defined by having six legs and a body divided into three segments: head, thorax, and abdomen. Chitin is an organic material that makes up an insects exoskeleton. There are three life cycles of insects, ametabolous or incomplete and paurometabolous or gradual, and homotabolous or complete metamorphosis. These life cycles are important in the aging of insects for aiding in legal investigations, (Houck and Siegel. Entomology).
Market Line. India Country Profile: Pest Analysis. Data Monitor. 2012. The.
Insects are the most diverse group of organisms on the planet. They occupy most of the habitat in the world. Insects have served as a model group of organisms for tackling many biological queries. Butterflies (Class: Insecta; Order: Lepidoptera) have been used as a model for studies on ecology, development and population dynamics. Most of the species are highly seasonal and some have very restricted habitats. Butterflies are good indicators of climate and help us understand fluctuations in seasonal changes. They require specific ecological conditions for their growth and development. Monitoring butterflies helps us understand the overall diversity of a habitat as they are directly dependent on other factors such as availability of host plants and nectar plants. They also play a very significant role in
Instead of using pesticides in farming a better alternative would be biological control. This is when a natural predator is released into the crop growing area as a result the number of pests can be reduced.
Undoubtedly there are multiple areas where developing a picnic island can politically be influenced. As Maldives is a democratic country, terms of election are held every 5 yearly. With change in government terms, its policies and funding bodies will be changed. We should be concerned about how the newly elected legislators are going to support this concept of a picnic island. To successfully nail the idea we would probably need a lot of funding, initiatives and grants from the government and other supporting bodies to make it as successful as possible. Also, Maldives now being quite a famous tourism landmark throughout the world, a lot of industrial parties are interested in developing other sorts of tourist
Pests are a huge problem for every homeowner. They can invade your landscaping and ruin your gardens, or invade your home and make it difficult or even dangerous to live in. Most commercially available pest control options are full of terrible chemicals that are bad for the environment and your health. Luckily, there are a few eco-friendly alternatives.
making them less prone to attack by fungi and insects. The use of sex pheromones
The new chemicals which are produced to kill these strong pests and weeds may be more harmful to other plants and remove nutrients within the soil, in turn reducing the yield of agricultural crops. The benefits of these characteristics are seen in Argentina according to Pelletier (2010) as they use glyphosphate resistant soybean which allowed the comeback of this crop, as the soil was severely damaged from monoculture (The cultivation of a single crop in a defined area).... ... middle of paper ... ...
Most of the species from habitat one are Diptera. There was a total of thirteen Diptera’s in habitat one. Cup one had the least amount of individual species with four. Habitat two had more individual species than habitat one. There was a total of seventy-nine species from habitat two. Like in habitat one most of of the arthropods from habitat two were Diptera. The was a total of eighteen Diptera’s in habitat two. Cup six had most of the Diptera’s with thirteen. Orthoptera was second in the number of individuals with sixteen. Orthoporea’s are crickets and
In the food and agriculture organisation it is defined as the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques that best discourage the development of pest populations. This method does not in any ways harm the health and the environment. It encourages the growth of healthy crops with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems, it also encourage the control of pest that is natural (--). As mentioned above, integrated pest management has lest risk, has high benefits and it reduce the costs. It is also best in sustaining
Pest infestation can put your food product and your health at risk because the pest introduce the bacteria that can contaminate the food and cause diseases. Pest such as flies, cockroaches, rat, mice, birds, ants are the main sources of food contamination. There are a lot of measures can be taken to control the pest. Windows and doors in a food preparation area or food premises that open from time to time to the outside should be screened and repair the defects in the building wall, crack in the windows and gaps around the pipes. This is to prevent the access of the pests. Besides that, electronic fly killers should be installed to control flies that can spread pathogens to our food and cause food poisoning. This device works by attracting the flying insects to a blue ultra-violet light and then electrocuting them. Moreover, using of fly spray is not allowed to kill the pest because fly spray may contain some chemicals, and will cause some possible contamination to the food stuff. In addition, regular checking and inspecting for the signs of pests like rodent droppings, insect egg cases and dead insects should be carried out in order to keep them out of the food preparation and storage area. Moreover, a licensed pest controller can be hired to visit the food premises regularly. Furthermore, all the food areas should be kept in a clean condition. Food spillages should be avoided as it may attract pests.