Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a respiratory tract infection characterized by a violent cough. The violent cough incudes a series of severe uncontrollable coughing, hacking, or whooping. (1) Pertussis is a very contagious disease caused by bacteria named Bordetella pertussis, which is transmitted through fluids from sneezing or coughing around a person’s breathing space. The bacteria release toxins, damage cilia, and cause airways to swell.
The first outbreak of Pertussis occurred January 1, 1500. Pertussis was discovered around 1906 by French scientists Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou. Bordet isolated the bacterium and continuously studied the strand. However, the first vaccine was not created until January 1, 1920 (timetoast.com). Pertussis is the leading cause of numerous infant deaths. In 2016 alone, 15,737 cases of pertussis were reported and out of these, seven deaths occurred. (2) Pertussis, although extremely contagious, does not have an extensive background. Pertussis was first discovered in the sixteenth century (1). During this time period, vaccinations were limited. Nonetheless, when vaccinations
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(3) After two weeks, the symptoms are more severe and can range from vomiting to turning blue and/or whooping. Consequently, many people do not experience many symptoms and are often wrongly diagnosed. Pertussis is more frequently observed in young children than in adults. As a matter of fact, most adults are not diagnosed considering the majority do not experience any symptoms besides a hacking cough. (3) Pertussis is often diagnosed through multiple tests including blood tests and physical examinations which are unnecessary in situations where the whoop is present. (2) The most dependent test is made by the PCR or polymerase chain reaction. Mucus from the throat is used and combined with the
Pertussis: Pertussis also known as whopping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disease that causes an uncontrollable, severe coughing. It is a serious disease that can affect individual of all ages with severe complication resulting in permanent disability in infants and lastly death. The fact that this 7-months old baby stay up night, inability to sleep can make it hard to breathe. Burns, Cotter, Harvill, Hewlett, Merkel, Stibitz & Quinn explained that pertussis is an upper respiratory infection caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria in addition to the systemic manifestations such as “lympocytosis, dysregulated secr...
Vaccines have been used to prevent diseases for centuries, and have saved countless lives of children and adults. The smallpox vaccine was invented as early as 1796, and since then the use of vaccines has continued to protect us from countless life threatening diseases such as polio, measles, and pertussis. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010) assures that vaccines are extensively tested by scientist to make sure they are effective and safe, and must receive the approval of the Food and Drug Administration before being used. “Perhaps the greatest success story in public health is the reduction of infectious diseases due to the use of vaccines” (CDC, 2010). Routine immunization has eliminated smallpox from the globe and led to the near removal of wild polio virus. Vaccines have reduced some preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low, and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis, and other illnesses.
According to the Website Medicine Net, Whooping Cough (pertussis) is an acute, highly contagious respiratory infection that is initiated by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Furthermore, Whooping Cough routinely sways infants and young children but can be stopped by immunization with the pertussis vaccine. Additionally from my research in Seattle Times it states that California had more than 9,000 situations, including 10 deaths. Washington has had 10 times the cases reported in 2011, and so has Wisconsin with almost 2,000 cases this year. although young kids are in much crisis then adults to getting influenced by the Whooping Cough due to not getting the vaccine when enrolling in a middle school or high school. The relationship between the pertussis vaccines and the present outbreak of the Whooping Cough is that in their states health officials are endeavoring to get any person they can vaccinated before the whooping hack disperse and sway more people because it was said that some persons may not be adept to get vaccinated due to having critical allergies, weak immune system from ...
...es of Pertussis each year4; this number has drastically decreased since vaccinations against this illness were implemented into the health care system.
Liam is a previously healthy boy who has experienced rhinorrhoea, intermittent cough, and poor feeding for the past four days. His positive result of nasopharyngeal aspirate for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) indicates that Liam has acute bronchiolitis which is a viral infection (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). “Bronchiolitis is the commonest reason for admission to hospital in the first 6 months of life. It describes a clinical syndrome of cough tachypnoea, feeding difficulties and inspiratory crackles on chest auscultation” (Fitzgerald, 2011, p.160). Bronchiolitis can cause respiratory distress and desaturation (91% in the room air) to Liam due to airway blockage; therefore the infant appears to have nasal flaring, intercostal and subcostal retractions, and tachypnoea (54 breathes/min) during breathing (Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Tachycardia (152 beats/min) could occur due to hypoxemia and compensatory mechanism for low blood pressure (74/46mmHg) (Fitzgerald, 2011; Glasper & Richardson, 2010). Moreover, Liam has fever and conjunctiva injection which could be a result of infection, as evidenced by high temperature (38.6°C) and bilateral tympanic membra...
Influenza is a major public health problem which outbreaks all over the world. Resulting in considerable sickness and death rates. Furthermore, it is a highly infectious airborne disease and is caused by the influenza virus. Influenza is transmitted easily from one person to another person which has a great impact on society. When a member of society becomes sick, it is more prone to spread to other people. In the United States, every year between 5 to 20 percent of the population is affected by influenza. As a result of this, between 3,000 and 49,000 deaths have occurred per year (Biggerstaff et al., 2014). Therefore, the influenza vaccine is the most effective strategy to prevent influenza. This essay will examine two significant reasons for influenza vaccination which are the loss of workforce and economic burden as well as one effect regarding herd immunity.
The first discovery was made in 1952, in the developing field of virology. Virology is the study of viruses and how they behave. To develop the vaccines for the viruses, researchers infected the HeLa cells with many types of infections, such as measles, mumps, and the infamous poliomyelitis virus, also known as Polio. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), whose mission is to save lives and protect people’s health security, Polio is a "crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by a virus that spreads from person to person invading the brain and spinal cord and causing paralysis" (Freeman). Jonas Salk, who was a virologist at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP), used inactivated viruses (virus particles grown in culture and then killed by a form of heat) to create a polio vaccine. Salk drew blood from about two million children, which the NFIP checked for immunization.Through the collection of many HeLa cells and trial and error, the polio vaccine wa...
Illness has been a major part of humankind’s lives almost since the beginning of time. Throughout history, illnesses caused fatal epidemics that caused deaths between young and old, and brought fear upon all for the absence of a cure. Having an illness throughout most of history was considered an inevitable death sentence, as the majority of causes of death (Offit). Vaccinations have been experimented in China and Turkey in the 15th century, with methods such as inhaling or rubbing grounded up smallpox scabs against open cuts (Clem). Then in 1700s, the first form of modern vaccination was invented by Edward Jenner with the cowpox virus acting against smallpox, giving immunity against it (Offit).
It started from a virus and spread throughout the air from when people coughed, sneezed, and breathed. Once people got infected by the virus they would get a fever usually in about two weeks and start coughing, which was followed by a rash. When the rash occurred their fever would get worse. They had a sore throat, red eyes, a runny nose, a bad cough, ear infections would sometimes occur, and diarrhea would occur sometimes as well. Usually children got measles because people would become immune to the disease as they grew up. Eventually so many people were immune to it less cases occurred. However, it wasn’t until the vaccination was made when it was fully treatable. (Measles) Even when people receive the vaccination it is important to remember to get revaccinated. In Orange County, there has been 21 cases of the measles in the year of 2014. This is the reason why people need to remember to get revaccinated. The first vaccination should happen at 12 months and second vaccination should happen around five or six.
Pertussis, the ‘P’ in DTaP, can potentially be fatal to infants. It is caused by Bordetella pertussis bacterium. Pertussis is spread from droplets in the air. When you breathe in the droplets, the bacteria starts to incubate. You may begin to have a cough, runny nose, and some sneezing. As time goes on, the cough gets worse and worse. Hence
when the child is reprimanded by a parent).4,8 In recent years, many cases diagnosed as post-vaccination encephalopathy (about 2.5%) have been found to carry SCN1A mutations, especially in association with pertussis vaccination.5,8 In this stage, the electroencephalogram (EEG) does not display spikes and theta activity may appear after the first
Anybody from infants to adults are recommended to get the vaccine to prevent the contraction of pertussis. Pregnant women are especially advised to get the vaccine during each pregnancy to ensure a healthy condition for herself and her baby.
The discovery of the polio vaccine was an important medical and scientific breakthrough because it saved many lives since the 1950s. In the summer of 1916 the great polio epidemic struck the United states. By the 1950s hundreds of thousands of people had been struck by the poliomyelitis. The highest number of cases occurred in 1953 with over 50,000 people infected with the virus.
There are vaccinations you can get as an infant or a small child. The child should get the vaccine starting at 2 months. These vaccinations are given to the person before they develop the disease.. These vaccinations can be given on the thigh muscle for young infants and toddlers . These vaccinations are 95% effective to the person. This disease, “ pertussis,has been conquered by immunization” which you can get at any clinic or doctor's office (pg 1 cdc , immunize) . These vaccines are mostly given to fight off the bacteria that's inside the body. There are also boosters the person should keep up with so they won't catch it again. There are also antibiotics which a person can take. These antibiotics are given as pills or even in liquid form. These antibiotics are also given to the person who is caring for the patient. If someone has gotten this disease,pertussis, then that person would have to be on bed rest and they would have to drink a lot of liquids. If the person had gotten pertussis once they might be able to catch it a second time
Pertussis or whooping cough, is an acute contagious respiratory tract infection caused by an aerobic gram negative rod, called Bordetella Pertussis. Pertussis was one of the most common childhood disease in the United States. The outbreak of this disease was first noticed in the 16th century. It took another 300 years to isolate the organism and the vaccine for pertussis was developed in the 1940s. There were more than 200,000 cases reported annually, and this was one of the major case of childhood morbidity and mortality, before the availability of vaccination. This disease is still a major problem in different parts of the world, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries.