Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Attachment theory in early childhood
Child development theories psychosocial
Outline of attachment theory
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Attachment theory in early childhood
A person’s gender, age, place of birth, accent, manners, etc., are the matters people take into account when describing or evaluating an individual. Birth order appears to be one of these matters as well. Birth order, as used in this paper, indicates a child’s place in the family. Birth order has an advantage of being easier to check than other characteristics. This type of study makes it possible to ask a person about their siblings without offending or taking too much of their time. Some individuals tend to determine the birth order of others simply by observing their behavior. Parents have a tendency of stereotyping their children according to their birth order. Thus, birth order brings up variations in the way the parents treat their children. Differences in parental attitudes and behaviors, in turn, greatly influence a child’s personality. Parental attitudes and behaviors refer to the way parents …show more content…
"Sibling Status Effects: Adult Expectations." Developmental Psychology 21 (1985): 441-445. Bradley, Richard W. and Grace Ann Mims. "Using Family Systems and Birth Order Dynamics as the Basis for a College Career Decision-Making Course." Journal of Counseling and Development 70 (1992): 445-448. Brazelton, T. Berry and Cramer, Bertrand G.: The Earliest Relationship: Parents, Infants and the Drama of Early Attachments. Addison-Wesley, 1990. Forer, Lucille K. Birth Order and Life Roles. Springfield: Illinois Press, 1969. Gabriel, H. Paul. The Inner Child. New York: Time, 1990. Leman, Kevin. Growing Up Firstborn: The Pressure and Privilege of Being Number One. New York: Delacorte Press, 1989. Roger, Vivian. "Family Systems Theory in the Workplace." Journal of Counseling and Development 64 (1989): 211-220. Spitze, Glenna and John R. Logan. "Sibling Structure and Intergenerational Relations." Journal of Marriage and the Family 53 (1991):
STEWART, R. B. (1983) ‘ Siblings attachment relationships: child-infant interactions in the strange situation’, Development Psychology, 19, pp. 192-99.
Blair, L. (2011). Birth Order: What Your Position in the Family Really Tells You About Your
Cohn, M., & Ariyakulkan, L. (2008). The importance of the sibling relationship for children in
‘Birth order theory can help explain why children raised in the same family environment with a strong genetic relationship can have such different personalities’ (Drysdale, 2011). The birth order theory says that ‘first-borns are leaders, the drivers and the responsible type. They love to feel in control and feel uncomfortable with surprises or feeling out of their depth. They are conservative in their outlook’ (Grose, 2013). The personality theory says that last-borns are majorly different to first-borns in their characteristics and traits. It states that last-borns are ‘the
The patterns of birth order have been seen for centuries, although it was not studied exclusively until around the 1980s. There are many factors that play into a persons personality, such as their genetics, the way they are raised, and their environment. Birth order looks at a persons place in their family—if they are the oldest, middle, or youngest child—and provides commonalities between them and others in the same location in other families. While there are many variations, the general traits do apply. Research shows that the first born is typically a leader in the family and in other areas of life. The youngest child is usually light hearted and social. The one that is hardest to put a type to is the middle child. He or she will frequently try to blaze their own path, straying from the one that their older sibling made. I believe that birth order plays a part in a person’s personality, but that the way they were raised is also a very important variable. A child’s birth order, along with the way they were raised, is a major factor in the way they interact within their family and other groups.
The study of birth order began over a century ago with Sir Francis Galton. A nineteenth century British anthropologist, geographer and statistician--- who believed that human species was ultimately improvable. In his research, he concluded that first born and only born children become well known scientists (Kluger, 2011). His findings resulted from the the fact that the nation still followed Primogeniture, when the first born son inherits the family’s fortunes. In today’s society, several families still put most, or all of, their first born son on a pedestal compared to their other children. Shortly after Galton’s discovery, Alfred Alder and Frank Sulloway came along and decided to take a deeper look into the relationship between a child’s birth order and their personality.
Since I am interested in birth order, and the differences between my brother and I, I chose to read an article entitled What Parents Learn From Experience: The First Child as a First Draft? Shawn D. Whiteman wrote this article, with corresponding research by Susan M. McHale, and Ann C. Crouter. This particular article explains the differences in parenting between two children within the same family that are about two years apart in age. The words describe what many parents learn the first time around with their first-born child, and how their parenting styles change with the second child. Parents tend to be more easy going with the second child, and therefore discipline is seen less towards the younger child compared to the older child. Also, this article explains that most parents are less worried about the older child when they are out of the house, compared to the younger child one. Younger children tend to be checked up on more then the older kids, but older children tend to have less opportunities then the younger ones do.
Their conclusion is that family dynamics have a key role in creating the context where sibling
The answer to the question of whether parents invest more resources in their male or female offspring is a topic that is likely to vary from one culture to another. It is very common for adults (parent or caregivers) to have a favorite child in the family. Often, the favorite child may be less effective at school and have no extraordinary skills to be proud of for parents. Good parenting requires all children to be loved to the same extent (Lee & Lee, 2011). However, parents tend to love and favor certain children because of their school performances, their social activities, or even their gender. Parents seem to favor the boy child and, in most cases, he gets all the best things as compared to what the girl gets (Barber, 2008). Some are even taken to better schools, while girls always come as the second choice (Deaton, 1989). At the same time, the fact that allocation of commodities in the household may be gender-oriented in some ethnic groups makes girls less favored (Deaton, 1989, p. 1). Categorically, a study on parental investment with a balance between male and female offsprings conducted in a different location would have different results. Research hypothesis of the current research focuses on whether parents tend to invest more resources in offspring of male gender; whether parents favor boys over girls; and whether favoritism results in gender-oriented allocation of commodities in the household or not.
In one’s childhood it is apparent that the immediate family members have a significant impact on the way a child grows up. The environment a child is raised in can and will affect him or her in many ways. Developing siblings learn from one another through everyday play and family activities. The interactions within a family provide many opportunities to acquire social, emotional, and behavioral skills (Conger, Stocker, McGuire, 2009).
The foundations for a child’s development begins not only in the child’s first year, but also while they are in utero. A child’s development can also be influenced by how much the parents are contributing to the development of the child. A couple that interacts well with one another as well as with the child can have “positive impacts on a child’s cognitive, language and motor development, this can also positively benefit the couple relationship, and the parent-infant relationship,” (Parfitt, Pike, & Ayers, 2013). A parent’s especially a mother’s mental health can greatly impact a child’s development if a mother is less stressed the will be more comfortable around the child creating a better mother-child attachment which also promotes language development. (Parfitt, Pike, & Ayers, 2013). If a father’s is positively involved in a child’s life early on that the child will have a greater reduction in cognitive delays, this is especially true in boys (Parfitt, Pike, & Ayers, 2013). Another positive key in a child’s development comes from the sibling relationships. Siblings help a child learn social, emotional, cognitive and behavioral
Children’s development in all aspects are influenced by genetic composition (Nature) and the environment in which they grow (Nurture). They are influenced by all adults in which they come into significant contact. Smiling at someone unfamiliar or speaking to a stranger is less likely to have a lasting impact on the child or their development. However, parents and immediate family have the most impact on a child’s development. A family is defined as at least one adult and one child who live together and in which the adult is control of the child’s life and behavior as well as demonstrates responsible care for the child (McDevitt & Ormand, 2013). Parents are the primary educators and caregivers,
The assumption of this study is that children who highly identify with their parents should develop
Relationships play an essential role in people’s everyday life. A person’s first relationship is the one with their parents, which has a huge impact on the way offspring will relate to others, and develop future relationships. There are many aspects that come into play between parents and their children, such as, the personality of the family members, the education received from the parents, the family history, and the environmental situation in which the household is located. In fact, there are a series of variables, such as the education given to the child, and more fundamental aspects that are essential to the well being of the members in the relationship, such as the unconditional acceptance of one another. Parental behaviors such as protection,
Everyone is born into some form of family, with the family taking the responsibility of nurturing, teaching the norms or accepted behaviors within the family structure and within society. There are many types of families, which can be described as a set of relationships including parents and children and can include anyone related by blood or adoption. Family is the most important, “for it is within the family that the child is first socialized to serve the needs of the society and not only its own needs” (Goode, 1982).