Discussion: For the reaction to occur, the particles of the reactants must collide in the right orientation and they must have the sufficient energy to exceed the activation energy required. When the hydrochloric acid is mixed with calcium carbonate, the acid particles keep colliding with the calcium carbonate particles and once they collide in the correct place and exceed the activation energy required, they can react successfully. With a higher concentration of acid, there are more acid particles to collide with the solid and increasing the chance of colliding in the right place. Therefore, more successful collisions per second, increasing the rate of reaction. The line of best fit of Figure 2 shows that the average time for the flask to …show more content…
As the bottom of the meniscus in the measuring cylinder should be read at horizontal eye level, there will be some variation between trials as participants cannot insure they are looking at the scale at a horizontal level each trial measurement. When the contributor views the meniscus at a horizontal eye level but slightly above the horizontal without realising it, the value would become less, causing recording of a lower volume. Vice versa, when viewing the meniscus in a position below the horizontal, the reading of the scale would be larger than the correct volume. Parallax error occurring during measurement, makes the concentration of the acid …show more content…
However, this is hard to control as each marble chip has different shape and unequal mass. Therefore, the weight of calcium carbonate was measured as close to 15g as possible instead of getting exact 15g each time. The bigger the mass of this reactant, the higher reaction rate will be, referring to the collision theory. Precision: The data is not very precise as there is a difference between the time in trials with the same volume of acid. Refer to the raw data table from the appendix, the average time and the reactive rate has been graphed and there are scatters about their line of best fit. The scatters above the line of best fit shows that they need more time to drop 0.2g of mass and the scatters under the line shows that they take less time to drop the mass. Systematic error: The concentration of the hydrochloric acid might not be as the same as what was written on the label. There will be a possible that the acid has been used inappropriate in previous experiment so it was contaminated. Therefore, the concentration of the acid might be lower than 2M. When it was added into the flask, there will also be less acid particles to collide with the calcium carbonate and the rate of reaction
Investigating the Rate of Reaction Between Marble Chips and Hydrochloric Acid I am investigating the rate of reaction between marble chips (calcium
Investigating the Effect of Changing the Concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate in the Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Thiosulphate
For this experiment you have to have a basic understanding of Collision Theory to understand what’s going on in the experiment. Collision Theory is a model of chemical reactions in which a reaction occurs after a collision containing enough energy occurs between two reactant molecules. This model has five factors which can be affected and they are the nature of reactants, temperature, concentrations, surface area and catalyst. If one of these were changed then the reaction could occur faster or slower depending on what was changed.
Text Box: Prediction I predict that as I increase the amount of chips the rate of reaction will increase because as the nuber of chips increases so does the surface area. Collision theory tells us that if the surface area of one of the reactants is increased then the reaction will speed up. This is because the acid particles have greater surface area to react with. This in turn means more carbon dioxide is produced.
During this lab there were a few instances where errors could have occurred and affected our results. Our calculations showed that we had 20.51% of NH4Cl in our mixture. However, we were only supposed to get 20%. We could have gotten over the amount possible by rounding our masses wrong or going with a mass number that was not the most accurate. The scale would not sabilize for very long when we were weighing the total mass, so we chose the mass that the scale stopped at the most. This mass might not have been the more accurate. In regards to the NaCl, some of the salt could have gotten trapped in the coffee filter when we were separating the
Random errors reflect a low precision through high scatter. Increasing the sample size of the number of tablets used will produce more data that can be graphed, and from which a more reliable and representative line of best fit could be produced, ultimately minimising random errors. Additionally, increasing the number of trials for each number of reacting Alka Seltzer tablets would minimise random errors by helping to produce a more precise average change in mass. Modifying the method can also help minimise the effect of random errors, by obtaining more reliable results. For example, instead of cutting the Alka Seltzer tablets in half, whole Alka Seltzer tablets could have been used, and the amount of reacting HCl could have been increased to account for the increase in the number of tablets used for each ample. In doing this, the mass of the reacting Alka Seltzer tablets will be more consistent for each trial, and the state of subdivision of the tablets could be truly kept
The purpose of this investigation is to record the amount of time taken for a reaction to occur when sodium thiosulphate is mixed with hydrochloric acid.
Taking the collision theory into account the effect of concentration is simple in that the more particles of the reactants there are in the same area of space the more likely the collisions and therefore the faster the overall reaction. The following equation has been determined through experimentation showing that the rate of a reaction depends on concentration of reactants A:
For this investigation I am looking at how the concentration of acid can change the reaction and how I can explain this using collision theory.
The Effect of Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid
In a substance the rate of reaction will be quicker if it has a large
Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Plan: In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings. When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid
Amount of solvent: if there is a difference in the amount of solvent used for each trial, then the data collected will not be accurate due to the amount of solvent affecting rate of solubility. Therefore, to make this experiment fair, an equal amount of volume of the solvents will be used, which is 100