These days, forests are very important in maintaining biodiversity. It provides lots of oxygen and takes a big role in our life as well. The tropical forests of the earth are nearly immeasurable riches such as they are home for many people, as well as uncountable animal and plant species (National Geographic, n.d.). Furthermore, they contribute to air circulation, maintaining water quality and global climate stability. In spite of providing many advantages, it also has many disadvantages such as people using the trees for furniture and cutting off the trees for making paper. Deforestation is happening because of the paper industry use the trees to produce the paper. Moreover, paper industry in Indonesia has commonly destroyed the environment. The demand for paper consumption has been increasing rapidly day by day. Because of the paper demand is increasing, it also makes many people start to cut off tress for business purposes w which means it could be dangerous for our environment in the future. In this essay, I would like to emphasize and focus on about paper consumption and the impacts on environment in Indonesia.
First of all, paper is a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from woods that comes from the tropical forests. Basically we use papers for many purposes such as make a business report, journal review, newspapers, comics, leaflets and posters. We also use paper for greeting cards and letters (Michaelis, 2000). It makes paper consumption and production is increasing sharply. Nowadays, paper is a fundamental part of life and its existence is taken for granted. For these reasons, there is an urgent need for useful and comprehensive theoretical work that helps us to understand the forces that drive increasing cons...
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National Geographic. (n.d.). Paper buying guide. Retrieved on May 21, 2014, from http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/green-guide/buying-guide/paper/environmental-impact/
Paper on Web. (2011). Paper and paper web production and consumption for Indonesia. Retrieved on May 21, 2014, from http://www.paperonweb.com/Indonesia.htm
Science Direct. (2002). Consumption, human needs, and global environmental change.
Retrieved on May 22, 2014, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378001000280
WWF Global. (n.d.). How you can save paper. Retrieved on May 21, 2014, from http://wwf.panda.org/how_you_can_help/live_green/fsc/save_paper/
WWF International. (1996). Pulp Fact Environmental Implications of the Paper Cycle. Retrieved May 22, 2014, from http://www.equilibriumresearch.com/upload/document/pulpfact.pdf
At an age when my friends’ floors were strewn with toys, dirty clothes, or video-game cartridges, mine was smothered in paper of all sorts — books, magazines, reams of white and college-ruled, paper bags, paper airplanes. This pattern has survived, and it is representative of the way I live. The house of my life is built on a foundation of paper.
The papermaking process begins with pulp. Pulp is cellulosic fibrous material extracted from cellulosic fiber from wood. Glatfelter uses the Kraft Process to make both hardwood and softwood pulps. Hardwood pulps are taken from oaks, beeches, poplars, birches and eucalyptus tress. They have short fibre of average length of 1 millimeter. The primary purpose of hardwoods is for the paper to achieve bulkiness, smoothness and opacity. Softwood on the other hand is taken from pine and spruce with long fibre averaging 3 millimeters, it provides addition strength to paper. Both softwood and hardwood are produce independently of each other and are mixed end at desire ratio in the paper plant. The process starts from wood chips. Trees are chipped to make wood chips from half an inch to an inch long and up to two fifth inches thick. The chips are feed into a digester, which with cooking liquor would create a chemical reaction, which delignificate the wood. The cooking liquor is composed of white and black liquor. White liquor is composed of mainly sodium hy...
The efforts required by reforestation may not initially be cost effective, but it will result in not only the survivability of the environment, but of the country’s economy. Widespread awareness of these ideas will help fight against the natural human tendency towards instant gratification and short-term goals. Different methods of logging can be utilized to allow the rainforests to survive and regrow naturally and at a sustainable
International Paper Company is the world's largest pulp and paper company with manufacturing operations in North America, Europe, Latin America, Russia, Asia and North Africa. When it started out on January 31, 1898 in Albany, New York, it was through the merger of 17 pulp and paper mills ranging in size and technological advancement and capabilities. However, even then International Paper was a leader in the industry as the nation's largest producer of newsprint. It supplied sixty percent of all newsprint sold in the United States at the time, as well as exporting its product to Argentina, Australia, and England.
waste paper and recycled. The more paper the world around throws away it cuts down more trees
Therefore, a large amount of trees were cut down and led to forest destruction. People have done these kinds of activities for many years and these deforestation activities have brought about a lot of permanent and long term issues. Although the society has started to consider the problem of deforestation, it is not easy to solve the issues completely. Land desertification can be a huge area and it almost cannot be controlled. In addition, it is not only threatening the people and animals in the Amazon, the world is also threatened by deforestation.
In Indonesia, 8.828 million hectares of forests have been destroyed (see appendix 2). Around fifty acres of forests are removed every minute, not o...
Nowadays deforestation is the one of the most important and controversial environmental issues in the world. Deforestation is cutting down, clearing away or burning trees or forests. Particularly tropical rainforests are the most waning type of forests because of its location in developing countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, India, central African countries and Brazil. Deforestation rate in those regions is high enough to worry about, because of large economic potential of forest areas. As the result of causes such as agriculture land expansion, logging for timber, fire blazing and settling infrastructure there might be serious impacts in future. For instance, extinction of endemic species of animals and plants which will be feral, increase of greenhouse gas emissions which may lead to global warming and consecutive catastrophes, destruction of home for indigenous residents which is considered as violation of human rights. Some people can argue with these drawbacks telling that deforestation have more valuable benefits such as growth of economics, production of food and providing better opportunities for life for poor families. However, these benefits are quite temporary and government of that countries and world organisations tries to halt deforestation proposing several solutions. Deforestation problem is especially acute in the Brazilian Amazon, where its rate is much high comparing with other regions. This paper will describe world-wide rainforests, causes and effects of deforestation, and evaluate possible solutions of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
Deforestation is a widely used term, but one with different meanings. Disturbance deforestation refers to all man made disturbances that alter a forest, these are the most common. This argumentative essay discusses the positive and negative aspects of deforestation. In the first part of the essay the pro arguments of deforestation will be discussed. For example, the issue of Global population and how forests are being used, land use and the ways forests contribute, wood use, forest growth, destruction and the reasons for cutting down the trees. The second half of the essay will cover the issues that are harmful to the environment because of deforestation. Many environmental issues take place everyday; a big question that arises, is if the global economy will ever finds middle on the issue of forest thinning. If deforestation was used only in the most crucial of times, the world might become a better place.
The natural resource of wood is being used at an unsustainable rate, with minimal effort to change societal views on the depletion of this valuable natural resource. Much of the wood we use today comes from old-growth tropical forests, and in many regions it is harvested illegally. Recently in England, it was revealed that the major department store, Marks&Spencers, made much of its garden furniture out of Nyato wood which was logged illegally from Indonesian rainforests. Looking at this problem from a micro-level orientation, we can clearly see how the actions of individuals in both Britain and Indonesia affect one another.
The basic process of making paper has not changed in more than 2000 years. It involves two stages: the breaking up of raw materials in water to make a suspension of individual fibbers and the formation of felted sheets by spreading this suspension on a porous surface, to drain excess water. The essential steps of papermaking by machine are identical with those of hand papermaking just much more complex. The first step in machine papermaking is the preparation of the raw material. For centuries, the main raw materials used in papermaking were cotton and linen fibbers obtained from rags. Today more than 95 percent of paper is made from wood cellulose. Wood is used mainly for the cheapest grades of paper, such as newsprint. Cotton and linen fibbers are still used for high quality writing and artist’s papers. Many kinds of wood can be used such as aspen, beach, birch fir, gum, hemlock, oak, pine, and spruce.
Everyone has heard a cashier one time or another mumble, “Paper or plastic?” as he put their groceries in a bag, but do shoppers know the effects of each vessel in which they carry their comestibles? There are many issues and benefits to both paper and plastic. The making and recycling of both paper and plastic bags can harm the environment. One must also look at the costs of making each bag. The convenience of each is also something to look at. Many people jump to conclusion that paper bags are better for the environment without knowing the facts. Since plastic bags are preferred by customers and plastic bags actually do not hurt the environment as much as paper ones do, consumers should feel at ease when choosing plastic.
Pendleton, Scott. “Sellers Tickled by Demand for Recycled Paper.” The Christian Science Monitor 26 August 1997.
The recycling of aluminum saves 95 percent of the energy required to make aluminum cans for sodas as well as other liquids (Ackerman 6). The most recent investment in the paper industry has been in machines and mills designed specifically to handle recycled paper (Ackerman 7). In the United States alone, 67 percent of all steel production is from recycled and recovered steel. For the aluminum industry, 42 percent of all aluminum is recovered or recycled. Each aluminum can, contains about 55 percent recycled content. This is a leading economic success for community recycling projects all over the United States. That accounts for more than $1 billion in recycled aluminum cans (Ackerman 7). The value of materials recycled from solid waste has become a substantial amount. In 1996 this project had a dollar value of $3.6 billion and was projected to be $5.2 billion by 2005. Paper and paperboard were accounted for almost one-third of all recycled materials, in both 1996 and 2005 (Ackerman 8). The other two-thirds were made up of grass clippings, aluminum cans, glass bottles, steel, and other recyclable materials. In recycling these materials, the planet is being saved for the future generations to
As humanity develops new technology, the magnitude and severity of waste increases. When computers were developed, it widely was believed that the need for paper would be eliminated. On the contrary this was widely proven false and we are now utilizing more paper than ever. Canada is not an exception as the typical Canadian generates an average of three pounds of solid waste each day1. This alone shows what a careless species we have become- using and disposing materials without even considering the damage we are causing. With half a trillion tones of waste around the world, only 25% may be reused for a second or third time and less than 5% can be renewed limitlessly1. These facts are true only in developed countries. Since these traditional waste reduction methods have been proven inefficient, we must endorse new innovative technology to arrive at a solution.