A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena. The observations are expected to provide insight into the workings of other organisms. When we study disease, development and genetics in biology, they need to be studied in vitro to see how these processes (i.e. pathways and signals) work. Studying these in humans could be considered unethical or unsafe, and very expensive. Model organisms provide insight that we can’t gain from lab equipment alone. What we learn in model organisms can be used to predict what would happen to other organisms. All organisms evolved from the same ancestors and pathways are the same across all different species. Model organisms are a small number of species that have been studied extensively. We extrapolate information from model organisms to understand developmental, biological and metabolic pathways conserved throughout evolution. A model organism is one that can be used to effectively conduct biological research. They are necessary so that researchers can conduct their experiments quickly and efficiently while producing accurate results. Model organisms tend to be simple, making it easier for researchers to change one element and analyze the effects of that change.
Characteristics common to model organisms are small size, short life cycles, rapid development, quick availability and tractability, and no danger working with them. Many species are good models because we have extensive knowledge of them due to previous research. Two of the most important traits for effective model organisms are small size and rapid life cycles. Ideally, they should be small, as large amounts of progeny will be produced. Large organisms would need a lot of...
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...e a lot of different trials. The life cycle is short; so several generations can be produced easily and quickly. The genome of C. Elegans has been completely sequenced, which is useful for genetic studies allowing researchers to pick genes of interest to study.
To assess whether or not Choanoflagellates are destined to become model organisms is difficult. They are small like most model organisms, but their lifecycles are not well known (little is known of their life cycle). Although much information of Choanoflagellates remains unknown, based on what we do know of them, it is not unlikely they might become a model organism. However, it is still difficult to assess to a degree of certainty that they will certainly end up being model organisms. Once more research is carried out on the organism and more is known about their life cycles, a certain judgment can be made.
3 Leicht B. G., McAllister B.F. 2014. Foundations of Biology 1411, 2nd edition. Southlake, TX: Fountainhead Press. Pp 137, 163-168, 177-180,
Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald Audesirk, and Bruce E. Byers. Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2011. 268-69. Print.
Moderata Fonte’s Venetian ladies debated the worth of women while cavorting in their fictional garden in 1605; Tempel Anneke met her unhappy fate in the 1660s. The seemingly enlightened and forward-looking feminist attitudes articulated in Fonte's text were absent from the Brunswick courtroom where the allegations against Tempel Anneke eventually brought about her death. The two accounts illustrate the differences in the attitudes towards women between European states during the 17th century. The differences are technically religiously based, however, they deal with the differences of the specific regional factors of the areas discussed. The differences explain why the attitudes of Fonte’s ladies and the persecutors of Tempel coexisted in roughly the same era. Fonte's ladies are Italian Catholics, and Anna's neighbors are German Protestants, therefore, the ideals of women are varied based on religious experience. Additionally, the theory of reason of state that came about with the consolidation of authority consisted of centralization and secularism that subordinated the social role ...
"Those of us in the first American generations have had to figure out how the invisible world the emigrants built around our childhoods fit in solid America." Maxine Hong Kingston is a native of Stockton, California, born in 1940. The essay, "No Name Woman", was taken from her book ,"The Woman Warrior" (1976). Kingston is , in her everyday life, surrounded by "ghosts" from her past cultural heritage. The role identity concept parallels Ms. Kingston's essay. In the role identity concept, factors surrounding us in our daily life are continuously shaping and reshaping who we are and what we will become. In this concept, taken from the structural school of symbolic interaction, we tend to conform our sense of self to adapt to individual social situations as we are exposed to them. The theory in the concept of role identity is that we all play different "roles" in society, on various levels , which can include our families, our workplaces, our peers, daily experiences, and even within ourselves. Therefore, we are continuously changing and evolving into our "sense of self". Kingston, born a Chinese-American, struggles with her sense of self as she attempts to balance her American lifestyle with that of her Chinese family's rich cultural beliefs; although, even as she begins to accept her "role identity" within her family structure, as an author, she realizes that she will be "haunted", merely by writing about it.
It is very rare that a book can be so compelling that it changes the way you think. Daniel Kahneman achieved this in his groundbreaking book Thinking, Fast and Slow. In his work, Kahneman challenges common notions of human psychology by offering a unique perspective of why we make certain decisions. Based off his contributions throughout his career, Kahneman compiles his experimental findings on human behavior into a complete manual to the human mind. The book delves into human nature and cognition, how we process our decisions and in what frame of mind do we create our perception of the world. More specifically, Kahneman deals with the irrationality of the way we think that leads to biases, mental shortcuts and defense mechanisms. His findings not only acts as an informative self-help but questions the very nature of everyday life.
“Madness you see, is like gravity,” muttered a manic Joker as he hanged upside down from Gotham’s highest building after a violent encounter with the Batman, ”all it needs is a little push.” Of course, The Dark Knight is only a movie, a conceived world in which men walk around in costumes and people come back from the dead. One might think this film has nothing to do with reality but not many people realize the very real issue that Heath Ledger portrays so well in his character: lunacy. Could mental illness be accountable for a person’s crimes? Should an insane person receive necessary treatment before serving a prison sentence, or on the contrary, should he or she be absolved from a horrific crime just for the fact that this person wasn’t completely aware of his or her actions?
Main policing procedures in Germany are divided into three different categories. The Federal Police which is called Bundespolizei, the State Police called Laenderpolizei and the Federal Criminal Police Office called Bundeskriminalamt. The Federal Police is secondary to the Ministry of the Interior. The Federal Police join forces within the existing security systems on the foundation of security, the police joins partnerships with the police services of the federal states, other security system of the federation and the federal states, as well as with foreign border authorities. The German court process is made up of both federal constitutional court (Bundesverfassunggericht), which interprets the constitution, and a federal supreme court (Bundesgerichtshof), which is an appeals court.
One of the growing trends in teen drug use today is the abuse of over the counter (OTC) drugs. There are a lot reasons that teenagers choose to abuse OTC drugs. One main reason is because drug stores makes it easier to get a hold of them rather than illegal drugs. Also, these OTC drugs are often referred to as "safer" than illegal drugs. For majority of teens, using over the counter drugs gives them “a buzz” or it helps them stay awake while studying. Which is not a problem in their mind, but every time any over the counter drugs or medications are consumed for something other than what it has been created for, or taking a dosage higher than the recommended dose, abuse of that drug has now taken place. The abuse of OTC drugs are starting to increasingly play a bigger part of the teenage culture. Unfortunately, lots of these teens fail to realize that they are endangering their wellbeing when they abuse OTC drugs.
When looking at the different law systems such as civil law, common law, and sacred law, one can examine how each type of system applies their respective theory to the trials ensure due process as well as serving justice. There are two approaches that are primarily practiced in common law countries and civil law countries as well these systems are referred to as adversarial, and inquisitorial respectively.
An artificial organism can be considered any living organism that has been genetically altered in a laboratory. Utilizing artificial organisms will greatly improve the efficacy and potential of scientific laboratories. Instead of having to cultivate a colony of unpredictable bacteria to undergo harmful testing, scientists can just create an artificial organism that would behave in any way desired. These artificial test subjects could be made to fit specific designs and requirements, that would perfectly fit into an experiment. With experiments that can be more specifically designed, the possibilities are endless.
When the average person thinks about zoology, they usually think about a zoo and or animals. As said in General Zoology, many questions come with this topic. “What is life? In what ways are the various kinds of animals alike or unlike in structure, internal processes, and modes of life? How do animals carry on their activities? How are the many kinds related to one another? In what ways does man resemble and differ from other living things? The answers to many of these questions are provided by the science of zoology.” (General Zoology, page 3). While zoology does involve animals, the general study of zoology is far more complicated then one would imagine. Zoology is a branch of biology that studies the classification, origins, habitats and behaviors of organisms. Someone who studies zoology is a zoologist, and has the tasks of learning about new species and their habitats. It is a job that if mastered, can be one of the most fulfilling and knowledgeable careers someone can obtain.
Kareem is a talented undergraduate student who I have had the privilege of working with in nuclear science research over the past year. We have worked on two separate neutron activation analysis projects together. He has also taken my upper level course in Nuclear and Particle Physics (UTPA course # PHYS 4309) with honors during the fall semester of 2013 and has expressed interest in my participation as his honors thesis advisor. It is a pleasure to offer this letter of recommendation for the DOE SULI program.
In addition to this use of models, the natural sciences also use models to illustrate observations. When looking through a microscope one would need to model the cell or any such microscopic being, however it is impossible, as well as illogical, to grab wha...
Office Space depicts an exaggerated view of a big corporation’s organizational behaviors. At Initech, such behaviors are misused, ineffective, and unhealthy practices which ultimately lead to the collapse of the organization. The ideal organization would allow employees to obtain job satisfaction through the use of employee input and autonomy, feedback, well-defined organizational roles, clear goals, and effective group structures in the workplace.