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Oil Oil is a liquid and is used as a fuel for cars, electricity, heating etc. without oil we would not have cars to transportate us. It is located in different areas of the world. Oils and gases are found underground. Venezuela is ranks #1 with the largest oil reserves. Oil is located around the world. Oil reserves are found all over the world. “However, some have produced more oil than others” (According to The Department of Energy) Some areas produce more oil than different areas. All in all, oil is made naturally and has totally different purposes in different areas. Oil and natural gases are pumped underground. “Over millions of years, the oil and gas that formed in the source rock deep within the Earth moved upward through tiny, connected
This area is known as the Permian Basin. Most of the oil is being produced from rocks
Two properties are required for fluid movement of Reservoir rocks and Source rocks: permeability and porosity. It consist voids or pores, ability to contain fluid (known as porosity) and the pores are interconnected (permeability) in order to allow flow to occur. Hydrocarbons can be termed as reservoir fluid. The volume of hydrocarbons stored in a reservoir depends upon the porosity of the reservoir rock. The rate and volume at which hydrocarbons are withdrawn depends upon the permeability of the reservoir rock. Almost complete pore space of the superior several kilometres of earth’s crust contains water. Therefore in this water environment hydrocarbons exist with amalgamation of oil, gas and water occurring in different proportions.
Oil is a significant, non renewable resource that is found underground and extracted through technological processes (Grubb). Consumption rates of the substance have never been higher. Oil remains to this day a vital aspect of production in industries like plastics, fertilizers, and asphalt. World oil consumption presently rests around 83 million barrels per day (...
From 1806 to 1826 most of the Latin countries under Spanish rule fought for their independence. The reason that caused these countries to have courage to fight for independence was because in 1808 Napoleon was able to invade and conquer Spain. Examples of those countries are Venezuela and Chile. There are similarities in the ways in which these two countries fought for their independence but there are also some differences in how they fought. Some of the leaders who were involved in the Venezuela’s fight for independence were Simon Bolivar, Francisco de Miranda and Antonio José de Sucre. The Venezuelan fight for independence against the Spanish empire began in 1811 and finally ended in 1823. The Venezuelan war was done in different phases, which began with Francisco de Miranda.
Food shortages, high inflation rates, protest, and violence: one sees these headlines in a Google search of Venezuela today. All around the country, there are long lines to buy simple necessities, like bread and milk. High inflation rates lead to shortages of food supplies, which increase frustration leading to protests in the streets and, sadly, an increase of violence. The protests and violence result from the inability of Venezuelans to provide the most basic human needs for their families. Sky-rocketing inflation rates in Venezuela are the result of Hugo Chavez, the former socialist and revolutionary leader of the country, and his administration. While in power, Chavez was so consumed with fixing the social issues in Venezuela, that other aspects of the country were ignored – like the economy. In 2014, Venezuela is left with a destroyed economy, angry people, and a government that is trying to fix the many issues the country currently faces; although the government is committed to finding solutions, the people of Venezuela do not feel the government is fixing the problems fast enough.
Venezuela is a country located on the northern coast of South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, Brazil and Colombia. Venezuela is a country full of beauties and contrasts where people can find beautiful beaches, plains, mountains, and even the majestic highest waterfall of the world (Angel Falls). Also, oil rich nation, one of the upper 10 exporting countries worldwide. During more than four decades, this country lived in full democracy until 1999, when a former military officer, who was involved in a military coup years ago, Hugo Rafael Chavez Frias won the presidential elections, and who remained in the government until he died in 2013 from cancer.
Oil is hydrocarbons that grew up in the earth when source rock full of organic inclusions sank to just the right depth not too little and not too much and got cooked over the ages. It took hundreds of millions of years for the world's supply of oil to be created. The oil is used to make gasoline obviously, but also home heating oil, diesel fuel but also 90 percent of all the organic chemicals that we use. That includes pharmaceuticals, agricultural products, plastics, fabrics and so on. They are petrochemicals, meaning they originate as oil.
Crude oil, and in extension, petroleum, has uses in the modern day world that would be considered as everyday necessities. Gasoline, Diesel and jet fuel are used to power various forms of transportation. Gas and Diesel, which are the main usage for petroleum and crude oil, are used as fuel for automobiles. Without gas, cars that do not run on electricity will be left without power to run them, and in a country used to car travel, taking away the main ingredient that makes them go will affect car manufacturers greatly if no one purchases their inventory. Jet Fuel, which is used in commercial air liners, is a modern necessity because of how often and frequently air travel is used especially if one wishes to visit another point on Earth fast and efficiently. Without Jet fuel, airplanes would grind to a halt and people would be forced to use sea far...
Oil of course has many uses in our world but is not fundamental to the survival of life. The future for both oil and water is troubled, oil is being rapidly leached by humans and water is being slowly contaminated. Alternatives can be found for oil, but not for water. Oil and water can be compared and ranked for importance in three major areas of use: agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Life is not possible without water.
From the middle of twentieth century, due to exceptional importance of the crude oil in the supply of the world's energy demands, it has become one of the major indicators of economic activities of the world. Even after the appearance of alternate forms of energy like solar power, water and wind, the importance of crude oil as the main source of energy still cannot be denied.
Petroleum is otherwise known as crude oil. It occurs naturally beneath the earth. Petroleum is also meaning of rock oil. The term petroleum is a generic name applied to the deposits of oil materials. Petroleum occurs beneath the earth. It is a flammable liquid and mainly composed of various hydrocarbons and its average composition is c 80-87%, H 11-15%, S 0.1-4%, N and O 0.1-0.55.
The work required of this paper is not easy. It takes a lot of patience in finding the right mix of materials that would produce the kind of output the student wants to find out and to prove his thoughts about the subject matter. Considering that the subject matter is highly technical, one has to patiently go through the rigors of reading lots of materials, comparing and writing down notes and drawing conclusions for one self. How one appreciates the subject matter and his researched work truly reflects how this paper, as a whole, is well thought about, understood and presented. It is hoped that at the end of this paper, one is able to get the bigger picture about the processes involved in the petroleum system, from its source to trap, and that he can draw for himself, in layman's terms, how processes can be understood by ordinary people.
The remains of tiny organisms that live in the sea are trapped with the sands and silts that settle to the bottom in sea basins. These deposits become the source rocks for the generation of crude oil. The process began many millions of years ago with the development of abundant life, and it continues to this day. The sediments grow thicker and sink into the seafloor under their own weight. As additional deposits pile up, the pressure on the ones below increases several thousand times, and the temperature rises by several hundred degrees. The mud and sand harden into shale and sandstone and the remains of the dead organisms are transformed into crude oil and natural gas. Surface deposits of crude oil have been known to humans for thousands of years. In the areas where they occurred, they were long used for limited purposes, such as caulking boats, waterproofing cloth, and fueling torches. By the time the Renaissance began in the 14th century, some surface deposits were being distilled to obtain lubricants and medicinal products, but the real exploitation of crude oil did not begin until the 19th century. The Industrial Revolution had by then brought about a search for new fuels, and the social changes it effected had produced a need for good, cheap oil for lamps; people wished to be able to work and read after dark. Once petroleum forms, it flows upward in Earth’s crust because it has a lower density than the brines that saturate the interstices of the sands and carbonate rocks that constitute the crust of Earth. The crude oil and natural gas rise into the pores of the coarser sediments lying above. For several years people had known that wells drilled for water and salt were occasionally infiltrated by petroleum, so the concept of drilling for crude oil itself soon followed.
Oil spills are very common, they occur on a daily bases in extremely large amounts since it is often large tankers that cause the spilling. They are hazardous to the marine environments, killing off almost everything from plant to animal. It is in fact difficult and occasionally dangerous to even clean-up an oil spill. Oil spill is liquid petroleum hydrocarbon being released into the environment. It is a form of pollution that can occur when crude oil being released from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs among other things. It mainly concerns the marine environment however it comes about on land as well.
Petroleum is retrieved from the fossil layer of the crust mostly through oil drilling. It is then refined and separated, most easily by boiling it and then gets converted into a large number of consumer products that varies from Petrol (known as gasoline mainly in the US and in Canada ) to petrochemicals that are used...