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Psycho assessment for obsessive compulsive disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder research paper
Obsessive compulsive disorder research paper
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder, otherwise known as OCD is not just and adult disorder, but it also affects children and crosses racial, ethnic and cultural planes, that is the broad perspective. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is defined by two words, obsessive and compulsion. Obsessions according to Nolen-Hoeksema, 2014 are defined as thoughts, images, ideas, or urges (e.g., to harm oneself) that are persistent, that uncontrollably intrude on consciousness, and that usually cause significant anxiety or distress. Nolen-Hoeksema, 2014 also defines compulsion as repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform. This disorder qualifies as an anxiety disorder which meets criteria for its own classification in …show more content…
This obsession is not your everyday obsession, but it is the constant, uncontrollable, involuntary and the persistence of thoughts images, ideas, or urges that takes over and invade the privacy or one’s mind and sends that person into a state of anxiety and/or distress. A website called helpguide.org states that, obsessive thoughts may include but not limited to, “fear of being contaminated by germs, intrusive sexually explicit or violent thoughts and images, order and symmetry, and …show more content…
Biological treatments consist of the use of antidepressant. Per Nolen-Hoeksem, 2014, antidepressants drugs were found to have affecting levels of serotonin which helps relieve symptoms of OCD. The first drug was called Clomipramine then came the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s), which included Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, and Luvox. These have been proven effective, up to 80 percent in patients with OCD, to decrease a person’s obsessive and compulsive behaviors. There are 30 to 40 percent of people with OCD that stop taking the medication, and may relapse. Along with relapse there are side effects of these types of medications which include drowsiness, constipation, and loss of sexual interest (Nolen-Hoeksem, 2014). Cognitive-behavioral treatments are therapies which include a clinician/therapist. For OCD and other compulsive behaviors, it is believed that the use of exposure and response prevention can help a person recover completely. This type of therapy, per Nolemn-Hoeksem, 2014, exposes the client to the focus of the obsession and prevents compulsive responses to the resulting anxiety. This type of therapy also challenges the client’s moral thoughts and excessive sense of responsibility. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has a higher rate of success than the medication. There is a 60 to 90 percent improvement rate in both the obsession and compulsive
Obsessive-Compulsive disorder (OCD) - is characterized by persistent, uncontrollable and unwanted feelings or thoughts (obsessions) and routines or rituals (compulsions) in which individuals engage to try to prevent or rid themselves of these thoughts. In example of common compulsions include washing hands or cleaning repeatedly for fear of germs.
OCD is broken down into two components the obsession and the compulsion. The first component; obsession is when an individual is consistently having these reoccurring thoughts or images about a certain problem or issue in their life. For example; an individual that has OCD can have a constant thought or image about getting sick or dying from the various germs or diseases that people contract every day. So this individual goes to the extreme to make sure that they do not contract any of these germs or diseases. That is when the compulsive component begins. This is when the individual takes these extreme actions to protect themselves from whatever they have these high anxiety feelings about. So continuing using the same example; this individual will consistently clean their homes every day for several hours at a time. They tend to clean their hands several times when out in public and are very tedious about where they go and what they touch while in public. They are also very caution about how they interact with other people. They just take extra steps to protect themsel...
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a disease that afflicts up to six million Americans, however all its characteristics are yet to be fully understood. Its causes, triggers, attributes, and variations are still unknown although effective medicines exist to treat the symptoms. OCD is a very peculiar disease as Rapoport discusses it comes in many different forms and have different symptoms yet have many similarities. One sure aspect is that it appears, or at least its symptoms do, out of the blue and is triggered either by stressful experiences or, most of the time, just appears out of nowhere. One example is a boy who's father was hard on him for being affected by the worlds "modern ways", the boy at a high school party tries LSD ( a hallucinatory drug), after that thoughts of whether his mind was dangerously affected by the drug. What seemed like completely appropriate worrying and anxiety turned into attacks of anxiety, he couldn't shake the thoughts that something was wrong with his mind. Essentially he had "his mind on his mind" constantly and that haunted his days his thought were as follows: " did the lsd do anything to my mind? The thought never went away ; instead it got more and more complicated. There must be something wrong with my mind if i am spending so much time worrying about it. Is there something wrong with my mind? Was this from the lsd? Will it ever get better?" (The boy who, J. L. Rapoport 125,126) Dr. Rapoport promptly put him on Anafranil (an anti-depressant, used for OCD, not marketed in the U.
The DSM-IV definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder states: "an anxiety disorder, where it is defined as obsessions and/or compulsions that cause marked distress, are time-consuming, or interfere with functioning. Obsessions are defined as recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses or images that are experienced as invasiive and ego-dystonic and that cause anxiety or distress. Compulsions are defined as ritualistic behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be rigidly applied. The behavior or mental act is aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation and is recognized as excessive or unreasonable" (1).
There are three possible ways to treat OCD: psychotherapy, CBT, and medications. For medication, it has been found that serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are effective in treating OCD, which increases the level of serotonin in the brain. SRIs belong to a group of drugs called antidepressants. Antidepressants include: clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Clomipramine is very different from the rest of them because the other antidepressants mainly affect serotonin only and they are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, clomipramine affects other neurotransmitters, which causes more side effects than SSRIs. And this is why doctors prescribe SSRIs first.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder which causes people to develop an anxiety when certain obsessions or compulsions are not fulfilled. OCD can affect both children and adults with more than half of all adults with OCD stating that they experienced signs as a child. People living with OCD display many obvious signs such as opening and closing a door fifty times because they have to do it “just right”. Others exhibit extreme cleanliness and will wash their hands or take showers as often as they can because they constantly feel dirty. OCD devastates people’s social lives as they are fixated and obsessed with perfection that can take forever to achieve. However people living with OCD are often found to have an above average intelligence and typically excel at school due to their detail oriented mindset, cautious planning and patience. OCD can be caused by many different factors such as genetics or the ever changing world a...
...D is a clinical challenge” (Singh et al. 883). OCD is similar to ID because they are both difficult to treat. The article states that there are no chemical medications to treat OCD. Behavioral therapy is the way they try to treat it (Singh et al. 883). Behavioral therapy for OCD uses desensitization which is having the patient face their fears.
...hope that diagnosis is found when the individual is still young and the symptoms will not worsen over time. Response of treatments varies in each individual and some studies suggest that medication and behavioral therapy are the most effective in relieving the symptoms of OCD (What is OCD?, 2014). While there is still a small percentage of individuals with OCD that neither medication nor behavioral treatment produces no significant change at all their symptoms. The combination of both methods has been found in several cases to be superior to either treatment on its own. Most individuals who have received effective treatments find that the symptoms are reduced drastically by 40% to 50%. That makes it enough to change their lives where upon they are to go back to school, work and their families. In other words they can become a functioning part of society again.
Obsessions are the unpleasant thoughts or impulses that cause the person with the disorder to have lots of anxiety and edginess. The thoughts may include things such as perfect order of things in a house, perfect hygiene, or the fear that they are going to hurt someone. Obsessions can be violent or sexual.
According to sufferer, Stephanie, “If I got to number 17 on the math test, I would have to tap my pencil 17 times” (Weiskopf 19). Stephanie exhibits signs of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which the individual becomes obsessed or compulsive about something. Because of their extreme focus events and tasks, OCD will affect how children and teenagers perform in school. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder can also cause various problems in their daily lives. Due to severe obsessions and compulsions, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a serious, yet unexamined, threat to teenagers at school and home, which can lead to further complications, but it can be treated.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder has been classified as a type of anxiety disorder under DSM-5, in which there is a presence of obsessions, compulsions or both. Obsessions are defined as “intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate,” while compulsion are the thought or actions that accompany these obsessions to try to suppress and provide relief. (TEXTBOOK) The obsessions are categorized into four major types, and each is linked with a certain pattern of compulsive behaviors.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a disease that a lot of people suffer with in society especially young adults. While it is not a disease that is deadly, it does affect the victim in every day aspects of their life and can ultimately control their lives. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is defined by the National Institute of Mental Health as, “… a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over”. The thoughts that individuals have when suffering through Obsessive Compulsive Disorder cannot be restrained and really can disturb the individual. Thoughts or actions that people may have can range from worrying about daily occurrences, such as washing their hands, to having thoughts of harming people that are close to them. People tend to have these reoccurring compulsions because they believe by doing them or thinking them, they will either prevent something bad from happening or because it eliminates stress that they have. This disease can last a lifetime and can be very detrimental and disabling to how one lives their lives. Individuals can start to see signs of OCD in either late adolescence or even early adulthood and everyone is susceptible. When it comes to classifying this incurable disease, there is much debate on whether or not it a type of anxiety (Abramowitz, Taylor, & McKay, 2009). It is important to be able to understand this mental disorder since so many people are diagnosed with it. While there are treatments for OCD, there are no cures yet. Treatments could range anywhere from taking prescribed medication to just going to therapy and counseling fo...
The obsessions are persistent and constant thoughts, images or ideas that keep running through a person’s mind, even though they are meaningless and unwanted. Most of the time, these obsessions focus on unpleasant or unnerving themes. Common obsessions are the person may fear becoming dirty or contaminated, having an uncontrollable impulse to hurt or kill a loved one, or fear that a fire, car accident, or other disaster will occur.
While Matchstick Men depicts Nicholas Cage’s character, Roy, as a person with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder really well; meaning his disorder falls under the four D categories of abnormal psychology, it can be argued that Roy actually does not have Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. After Roy dropped his illegally obtained pink pills that resemble Paroxetine for treating OCD, his partner in crime, Frank, suggested he go see a shrink. Dr. Klein disagreed with Roy on him having this disorder, believing it may be something else. It can be argued that Roy had a substance dependency on these pills his previous doctor gave him and believed so deeply that he had a disorder that could only be treated with medicine. Dr. Klein gave Roy vitamins that Roy believed was medication, his symptoms declined while he believed to be taking this medication, exhibiting the placebo effect. Roy’s messy car and habit of smoking and spreading ashes in his car as well as in his home contradict his compulsions and obsessions of cleanliness, although when there is a mess he becomes dysfunctional and
towards the idea that this newfound loyalty is part of a plot to cause harm.