ASSIGNMENT -6
Designing Reusable classes
Summary:
This article was written by Ralph E.Johnson and Brian Foote which was discussed about the Designing of reusable classes and its importance in Object-Oriented programming languages and how can we make object oriented programming as reusable programming language. The initial part of the article discussed about the object oriented language attributes such as abstract classes, polymorphism and inheritance. This article will help us in understanding the importance of reusability concept in object oriented programming.
This article also discussed about Toolkits and frameworks of Object oriented programming and the difference between white-box framework and black-box framework.
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These classes may be user defined classes or predefined classes which are defined library class. Frameworks can be designed from the another framework which will consists of sharing abstract classes in object oriented programming. Source framework is FOIBLE which is implemented based on Model View Controller architecture.
Frameworks support reusability concept in object oriented programming. Framework has many advantages in designing part of software development but designing of framework will consists of many abstract classes. Developer should have fair idea on abstract classes concepts and developers needs to be very well experienced in object oriented programming so that developers can develop efficient frameworks which we can use for reusability in object oriented programming language. In present market most of the frameworks developed based on MVC architecture only. Along with reusability of code, reusability of framework also increased now a days in object oriented programming language. In this article author discussed about white-box frameworks and black-box frameworks and compared both of these
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Inheritance is one of the most influential concepts in object-oriented programming, and have a direct impact on how to design and write your Java classes. Inheritance is a very powerful mechanism. The concept of inheritance, is that when you write a class, you just have to determine how this class is different from some other category. Inheritance will give you automatic access to the information contained in the original class. When using inheritance, and all the categories that you write, that layer of other libraries that you use, and those of the categories as well as the standard benefit, are arranged in a strict
Open source software development is taking place all over the world where part of the community develops individual modules, becoming necessary to establish standards and common definitions for open source software. These standards are established to define interaction between modules to insure interoperability of software. Software components which follow specific open standards can be replaced with other standard-compliant product, which allows the user more freedom to choose the component best suited to his needs and is not bound to a particular product, as with commercial software (Chauhan)
The 2007 datasets accessible from ####. Four counties –Ozaukee, Milwaukee, Racine, and Kenosha, which are located southwest of Wisconsin and adjacent to Lake Michigan, were selected to evaluate the coastal resilience conditions. Also, from the datasets, five characteristics that well-represent shoreline protection and bluff conditions were selected for the mapping. The characteristics includes Shore Protection, Beach Class, Bluff Condition, Bluff Modification, and Coastal Line Classification (Non-Bluff Condition). Since the original GIS datasets only provide county-scaled data, however, in order to divide them into township/city-scaled ones several procedures of reformatting data within ArcMap were required.
There are a number of theories that influence the learning practices of children and young people. According to Cognitive theory of Piaget, children in their learning, go through different sequences and stages, are active learners. They use their prior experience and first hand experiences for learning, imitating and transforming their learning into symbolic behavior.
A framework is a set of classes that supports reuse at larger granularity. It defines an object-oriented abstract design for a particular kind of application which enables not only source code reuse, but also design reuse [Johnson & Foote, 1988]. The framework abstract structure can be filled with classes from its own library or application-specific ones, providing flexibility for the developer to adapt its behavior to each application. Besides flexibility, a good framework also increases the team productivity and makes application maintenance easier [Fayad et al. 1999].
The government should not mandate gas prices in my opinion it will cause a lot more problems than it will be doing good. If the price is set to high, than less people will be able to afford it, so the supply will increase and gas stations profit will decrease due to lack of gas being sold. This could cause some smaller gas stations to go out of business which would also cause more unemployment. More unemployment would be worse for the economy.
Director Moore stated there was a complaint to the Union against DOH regarding time issues. The proper channel was not followed. Ms. Jones explained the policy on earning comp time/over time when a person takes Medical Leave on the same day. It is not earned at time and half, but rather it is earned as straight time. Ms. Jones suggested more training on how to handle the timesheets since Ms. Mahoney left, especially when Ms. Arrighi is out of the office. This is especially true for whenever a person works on the weekends. An e-mail is needed from management regarding time worked on the weekend, as this is important on the Monday after payroll week ends. It was decided that in order to expedite payroll, e-mail Ms. Jones about hours worked
The project would be created on the Linux distribution Ubuntu and should make use of modern design practises such as entity relationship diagram modelling for the database schema. The application itself should be object oriented and be designed with the aid of The Unified Modelling La...
Organizational culture is key to fostering ethical decision making. The first step in creating an ethical climate is for managers, especially top managers, to act ethical themselves. The second step in establishing an ethical climate is for top managers to be active in and committed to the company ethics program themselves. Managers who consistently talk about the importance of ethics and back up that talk by participating in their companies’ ethics programs send the clear message that ethics matters. When management/owners engages and communicates about ethical issues, employees are less likely to break rules and more likely to report ethical violations. The third step would be to put in place a reporting system that encourages managers and
Before analyzing how my framework is influenced by my environment, there are a few internal factors.
A case study is one method of non-experimental research. Case studies are very important in that it allows researchers the freedom to conduct safe and exclusive research to discover behaviors and situations that would normally be dangerous or impossible to study (Crawford, 2017, p. 78). Rayburn & Davidson (2001) discuss the advantages of using case studies in research and describe it as a “time-honored research method” (p. 269). Sigmund Freud is probably the most recognized researcher to use case studies in 1895, publishing (with Josef Breuer) Studies on Hysteria (Midgley, 2006, p. 124). The magnitude of Freud & Breuer’s case study was different from earlier case studies in that time; it was more intense, and the
Component Based Architecture creates a system that is easily extensible, promotes software reuse and intuitively understandable. A component often relates to an object in Object Orientated Programming. The RUP provides a systematic way to build this kind of system, focusing on producing an early executable architecture before committing full resources on a project.
The Multiview framework shows five (5) views that denote all characteristics required to facilitate user requirements for the IS.
The Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems, as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems. The key is to organize the design process in a way that clients, analysts, programmers and other involved in system development can understand and agree on. The UML provides the organization. The UML was released in 1997 as a method to diagram software design, by some of the best minds in object oriented analysis and design. It is by far the most exciting thin to happen to the software industry in recent years. Every other engineering discipline has a standard method of documentation. Electronic engineers have schematic diagrams; architects and mechanical engineers have blueprints and mechanical diagrams. The software industry now has UML.
obect orientated programming has many advantages, one of these is the fact that the objects created : Jeffrey L. Popyack (2012) "can easily be reused in other programs." The Saylor Foundation also states that object orientated programming allows “Improved software-development productivity" and "Improved software maintainability” through the modular structure of the development.
It is important to understand that patterns are not independent entities. The design patterns that are present at a high level of abstraction will influence the manner of applying other patterns at the lower levels of abstraction. In addition, patterns often collaborate with one another. The implication is the selection of an architectural pattern will likely influence the choice of component-level design patterns, which have the most effect (Pressman, 2010). Further, if selecting a specific interface design pattern, this can result in the need to use other patterns that collaborate with it.